Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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21% of college students report having experienced
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dating violence by a current partner.
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32% of college students experienced dating violence by a previous partner.
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One in every four women experienced stalking while in college,
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these alarming statistics begged the question why are
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these crimes so widespread in the college environment?
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And what are the mechanisms that lead
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to inner partner violence is staggering prevalence
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in relation to inter partner violence or I. PV. For short,
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women are more often the victims, while men are more often the perpetrators.
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This idea traces back decades and has been
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investigated by a variety of evolutionary psychologists,
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sexual coercion and stocking behaviors take
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on a complex dynamic and relationship settings
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where strong feelings,
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trust and emotions make it difficult to predict and avoid these behaviors.
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We would like to provide college aged students
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and women in particular with some things to
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keep in mind while enjoying what should be some of the best years of their lives.
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The paternity uncertainty hypothesis states that from a male perspective,
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it is never certain whether or not an offspring is one's
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own because the female reproductive process is internal and therefore hidden.
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In other words,
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because men cannot ever be certain of their relation to a given offspring,
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they have evolved behaviors that increase the odds of paternity certainty,
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this may seem unrelated to college students,
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most of whom certainly do not want Children.
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However, these behavioral adaptations cannot be turned on and off.
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So while the problem may no longer exist,
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the response persists and still has a great effect on young men,
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well not universal. These behaviors can sometimes push men to commit.
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The aforementioned criminal acts,
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such as stalking and sexual coercion.
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When considering paternity certainty from a male perspective,
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there are two fundamental ways to increase paternity certainty,
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increasing one's own odds of paternity and decreasing the odds of other males.
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For instance,
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men may use various mate retention tactics
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to keep the woman from looking elsewhere,
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such as telling her how beautiful she is or buying her flowers.
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However, not all means of retention are rainbows and butterflies
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in place of compliments and gifts.
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Men will sometimes resort to sexual coercion or
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violence as a means to increase partner retention.
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This is most often a result of men perceiving cues of infidelity in their partners,
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causing them to feel a powerful emotion.
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Sexual jealousy.
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This emotion is a predictor of in our partner violence
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and can be caused by a number of cues,
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including decreasing sexual contact,
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less time spent together or a perceived threat of another male.
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Data collected on a large college campus in the southern United States
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found that when a girlfriend breaks their man's heart,
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the now ex boyfriend persistently makes attempts to rekindle their
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romance that devolved into unhealthy and criminal stalking behavior more often
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than when a boy dumps a girl
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wanting to get back with their ex is not the problem.
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Rather,
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it is when it reaches a point of obsessive that it becomes harmful and unacceptable.
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In 2009 Cammalleri and Quincy attempted to go one step further
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than simply linking sexual jealousy and sexual coercion and relationships.
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And studied the link between cupholder the risk and I. P. V.
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Kako. Ordinary risk
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is the risk that a partner will make and or carry the Children of another partner.
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While the original partner puts in the resources and aid
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to support and care for the partner and or child.
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They found a connection between experiencing events that caused feelings of coke.
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Ordinary risk and sexual coercion within relationships.
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A study by archer and Web found a link
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between higher levels of sexual jealousy and aggressive behavior,
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including physical aggression, anger and hostility.
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This link between sexual jealousy and aggression was found
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to be much stronger in men than women.
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This data fits with the paternity
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uncertainty hypothesis because women evolutionarily did
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not have a reason to place the same burden on verifying maternity
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since the passing of their genetic material is insured in their pregnancy.
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Another study conducted by Widmann at all in 2000 and eight,
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aimed to find the behavioral predictors
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of post relationship harassment and stalking.
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Of course,
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physical violence at the time of the
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relationship was a predictor of criminal behavior.
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After
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however, jealousy independence were also strong prediction
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of stalking and harassment. Post breakup.
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It is important to note that not all or even most dependency is bad
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and overdependence or a man's discomfort with his
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own dependence was what predicted the criminal behavior
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In 2005 Shackelford at all conducted a study
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on what male mate retention behaviour's predicted.
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i. p. v.
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They found that emotional manipulation and monopolization of time were the
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two greatest indications of a man's proclivity for sexual violence.
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Emotional manipulation mainly included tactics such as begging a woman to
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stay or voicing an inability to live without the partner.
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I. P. V. Is an incredibly prevalent problem in our college community.
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Understanding its mechanisms and predictors is essential to avoiding it.
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Based on research, it is clear that aggression,
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overdependence and most importantly,
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sexual jealousy are all predictors of iptV behaviors like monopolization of time
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and emotional manipulation can also be
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strong indications of future sexual violence.
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With that being said dependence,
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jealousy and even aggression are not inherently bad in nature.
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They are human emotions and by no means wrong in excess.
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However they can become dangerous.
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It is important to note that much of the research we have cited here is correlation,
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all and more experimental research is needed to confirm causal relationships.
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However, because of the weight and prevalence of this issue,
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it is not plausible to wait for the
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research to be conducted to disseminate this information.
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It also must be noted that the vast majority
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of research has been conducted on heterosexual couples.
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More research must be done on gay and non binary relationships
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to determine whether or not these predictors of violence are universal
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If you or someone, you know,
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is in a relationship with a man who exhibits high levels of these behaviors,
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it is wide too wise to proceed cautiously.
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Only 20% of female victims of sexual violence report the crime to law enforcement,
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Victims of harassment or stalking.
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Should not be afraid to reach out for help and should be
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aware of the resources that are at their disposal on college campuses
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do not hesitate to call 806-56 hope or 4673 if you or someone you know,
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has experienced unwanted stalking or harassment.
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Tulane. Campus resources can also be found on the back of your splash card.
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As more research is done, we will learn about the predictors of IPTV, but for now,
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caution and awareness is the best strategy for avoiding it.