Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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Okay, Get right into it.
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Here, this is Lecture four.
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We just finished talking about the crucifixion, the death of
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Jesus, which is a big moment, not just in human
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history, but also in the religion of Christianity itself.
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Okay, so the death of Jesus um happens at the
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age of 32 around 32 a.
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D. And it's what happens after the death of Jesus
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that gave Christians the information they needed to think Jesus
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was the Messiah.
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So here's what happened according to Christian belief.
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So this is what Christians believe happened.
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Jesus rises from the dead three days after his crucified.
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So you can see in this picture here he was
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placed into a tomb after his death.
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Christians believe the three days later, when they went to
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check into this tomb, Jesus was gone.
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Okay, So what the belief by Christians is is that
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he went to heaven and this is what the proof
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was that he is the rial messiah.
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Alright, so remember we said the difference between Christianity and
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Judaism or the Christians and the Jews, was that Jesus
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was the Messiah.
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This is what Christians used as the proof that Jesus
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truly was the Messiah is that he resurrected.
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Alright, make sure you highlighted this.
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Christians believe the rise Jesus!
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Rise from the dead is the resurrection.
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Highlight that for me.
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So this showed that the Christians thought and the proof
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was there, that Jesus was the Messiah.
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And it's at this point that some start to refer
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to Jesus as Jesus Christ.
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If you've heard that before Jesus Christ.
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Because the Greek word for Messiah is Christos.
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So basically, when you're saying Jesus Christ, you're saying Jesus
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the Messiah And this is why Christians start to believe
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in this.
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And this is why the symbol of Christianity is the
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cross is well because he was killed on a cross
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and the resurrected.
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So for those of you that don't know the meaning,
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behind the religious aspect of Easter is the resurrection.
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So why we celebrate Easter and how it turned into
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ah bunny in the eggs and all those things it
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was originally made A holiday for is as a Christian
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holiday to show the resurrection of Jesus.
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That's the whole reason behind Easter today.
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Okay, So while Jesus was on earth, he chose to
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pass along his teachings to everyone that would listen.
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But he chose 12 of his closest followers to pass
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this on toe, others because he knew he would die.
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There's a lot of stories about him knowing his death
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was imminent.
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So he had these people is 12 closest followers called
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the 12 Apostles.
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Highlight the 12 apostles there.
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And the leader of this group was a man named
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Peter and he becomes the leader after the death of
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Jesus. Jesus rallies thes 12 men together, and they're then
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going to go out and spread what they know as
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the Gospel of Jesus.
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So Matthew, Mark, Luke and John are the first four
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books of the New Testament.
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Also were four of those 12 apostles.
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One of the best known and greatest proponents of Christianity
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was actually a man named Paul Paul of Tarsus.
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Highlight his name and everything in this paragraph here.
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Paul is a very interesting story.
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And if I had more time, I'd go in a
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lot of detail about him.
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Um, Paul was not a man that like Christianity first.
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In fact, he was a man that went out and
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persecuted Christians early in his life.
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But after the death of Jesus There's a lot more
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to this story, and you're welcome to look it up
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that we can't get into.
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He becomes a proponent of Christianity, and he's one of
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the most important figures in the spread of Christianity.
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And he just like Jesus, is going to be killed
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for spreading this new faith, this new religion called Christianity
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and one of the cool things.
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I'm gonna be really quick here in class.
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I take a lot more time.
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Well, the cool places from for us that we went
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on our trip was this place here was ST Paul's
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Cathedral. This is in the center of Rome itself.
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You could see the statue in the front there.
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That's of this man, Paul.
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Uh, this is the inside.
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Look at ST Paul's Cathedral.
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You can see just how open it is.
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But some of the coolest parts to me was here
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in the end.
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So Paul is gonna be arrested in the city of
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Rome and put the death just like Jesus was put
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to death.
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And this where these were the actual chains that they
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chained him up with.
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They have them on display in this cathedral, and right
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here is his actual tomb.
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So there's a glass right there.
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You can't just walk straight down in there.
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But Paul, who's one of the central, most important figures
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in Christianity, is actually buried down in that teams were
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able to go and see all of this.
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All right.
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So for a period of over 300 years, Christians were
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persecuted, terribly persecuted, meaning treated bad in a lot of
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times, killed for their beliefs.
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So the Romans treated Christians awful after the death of
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Jesus. But that's all gonna change around one man.
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So in the 300 c early three hundreds in Rome,
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a new emperor came to power.
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And his name is Constantine.
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You need to highlight his name there, and the Constantine
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is going to be fighting in a battle.
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So there, this wasn't against the Jewish people.
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This was against a group called the Goths who will
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talk about later.
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And there at at war with this group of people
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at a battle called movie Enbridge.
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And what happens is, um, Constantine, while in battle, says
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he looks up into the sky and sees three angels
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holding across.
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And at the time that he saw this, the Romans
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were getting defeated in battle.
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And he tells the story that after he sees these
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angels and he sees this cross in the sky, the
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Romans turn around this battle.
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They go on to win the battles.
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Why is this significant?
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Remember what we said?
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The cross is the sign of Christianity, and Constantine, a
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Roman emperor, is going to become a Christian himself.
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And he's going to completely change the idea of Christianity
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in Rome.
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In fact, you can think Constantine for the reason we
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have Christmas.
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He becomes a full fledged Christian himself.
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He makes Christianity the religion of the Roman Empire, and
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he declares that there should be a religion where we
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honor the birth of Jesus.
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And that's where the idea of Christmas comes from, from
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this man, a Roman emperor named Constantine.
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So that's the whole, full, full circle of this Christianity
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and its faith from being persecuted against, killed for hundreds
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of years, where the Christians had to go into hiding
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toe, have their religion to a Roman emperor, becoming a
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Christian himself and removing the band of Christianity.
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All right, now, this what we're about ready to start
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would be a whole day's worth of notes.
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I'm gonna crank it out here in about eight minutes.
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Here. So we've been talking about Rome Last chapter.
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We've been talking about Rome.
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This chapter.
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So how did the Roman empire come to an end?
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Rome is still a city today.
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Italy is still a country today.
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But remember, they become an empire where they owned all
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this land Million's off miles worth of land here, Um
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that they had.
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So how did they get all of this land?
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Because they had become an empire.
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So how does all of that end?
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That's what we're gonna talk about.
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Thio, end this chapter here and talking about Rome.
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So look at Rome.
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There. This is what I'm talking about.
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All of this land had become the Roman Empire at
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its height.
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Okay, so you could see over here to the right
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where Judea was.
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This was all known as Roman Empire.
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The Onley empire, bigger in the world, was the one
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Alexander the great hat than the Romans had it after
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him. Okay, so we learned later in the year a
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man named Genghis Khan comes about and he actually has
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the largest empire.
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But up Until this time in the world, this was
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the second largest empire to ever exist.
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The Roman Empire controlled most of the known world at
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the time.
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So what initially happens is there's a lot of problems
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threatening the Roman Empire, leading an emperor to separate it
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into two.
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So it became too big.
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This is one of the major issues for why the
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Roman Empire fell.
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They got too greedy.
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They wanted too much land.
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So a Roman emperor named Diocletian divides the Emperor empire
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into two parts he's in.
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Our Rome is gonna split into having two separate input
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empires. And basically the empire is just gonna be too
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large to govern efficiently.
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So this is basically the beginning of the end.
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Once they start to divide it into two, Emperor's started
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to give up territory because they feared the Empire had
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become too large.
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Now we own too much stuff, So they started to
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give some of their conquered land back.
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Yet there was these new outsiders coming in to threaten
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them. We're going to get to the Vandals and the
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Goths and all these people in a little bit, so
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because so many people were needed for the army because
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if you have this much land, you have to have
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a massive army to control it.
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No one was left home in Rome to farm the
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land to take care of the people to run the
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government. So what ends up happening is disease run rampant
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runs rampant in the streets of Rome, Taxes are having
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to be raised to raise more and more money to
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pay for this entire empire.
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And basically, Rome itself as an empire starts to crumble.
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Because you see this picture here, death was very pop
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was something that was happening, uh, in the streets and
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you can see the piles of bodies here that started
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add up as people just couldn't take care of themselves
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because they couldn't control disease.
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So after the Empire was divided, this Emperor Diocletian divided
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the Empire into two because it became too big.
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A new emperor takes over An emperor named Constantine Constantine
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comes later and says no.
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We want to reunite the two halves back together.
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So But what he does is he doesn't make Rome
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the capital anymore.
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You can see in this map here he decides to
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make Constantinople the capital of the empire.
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When What place?
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That is now called Turkey.
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It's the name of the country.
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So he makes the capital Constantinople, and the power no
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longer resides in the city of Rome.
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So this is really showing you how, uh, it's gonna
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start to crumble now.
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You don't need to know.
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Um, Diocletian, you just need to know that they were
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divided into.
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We've already talked about the importance of Constantine.
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You could see something else he did here.
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We talked about him last, uh, last lecture as well.
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So what, you mainly need to know here is this
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again this dividing of the empire and then brought back
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together? They just were very disorganized until it got to
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this point here.
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The final kind of blow to the Roman Empire is
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now they're going to start to lose in battle.
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And that was something that had never happened before.
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They won when they went to battle.
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So Rome declined as a result of invasions from these
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outsiders. So a new group of people comes along from
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Asia called the Huns.
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On these Huns pushed a group of people into Rome
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called the Goths.
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So if you've heard the term got before.
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It's still a popular term.
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Eso if you think of someone being Goths, Uh, in
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today's terms, you think of someone that wears all black
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normally maybe black fingernail polish and black clothing and whatever
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they might have.
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Well, this is actually based off a history.
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The Goths that eventually invade Rome dressed like this, they
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dressed in all black toe, look more intimidating to the
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people they were fighting.
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And these Goths were the ones that are given credit
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in 4 10 a.
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D for destroying the Roman Empire.
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They defeat Roman battle and they destroy the actual city
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of Rome itself.
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And 4, 10.
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So highlight this last line here, the Goths sacked or
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destroyed Rome.
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So if you never heard of the term sack before,
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it's also a football term.
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That's not what I'm talking about here.
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The goths sacked, meaning they destroy, or they take over
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the city of Rome.
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It's the first time it happened, and this is seen
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as the end of the Roman Empire.
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When this happens in 4 10 a.
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D. So the gods victory encourage other groups to start
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to come in to Rome itself.
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So the Roman Empire didn't just end that day.
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They still fought back.
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But what what happened because of it was other people
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start to come in and start to invade Rome.
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After you could see in this map here, all the
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people that come about a group called the Vandals.
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There was a group led by a man named Attila
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the Hun.
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Have you seen 90 museum before?
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He plays a big role in Attila.
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Uh, leads a group of people from Asia called the
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Huns. And they basically conquered the eastern part of the
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Roman Empire.
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So the Roman emperors become weaker and weaker, Their military
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power becomes less and less.
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And these more powerful people like the Huns and the
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Vandals and Goths, they come in and they overthrow Rome
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itself. So this is basically the end of the Roman
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empires. It is.
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And Rome goes back to being nothing more than just
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roam the city in the country of Italy.
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Okay, so this is a test question.
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Highlight everything you see here.
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What are the reasons Rome fell.
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So we went through them all.
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And now I've put him in the list for you.
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Here. Number one highlight this The size of the Empire
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just made it too hard for Rome to govern the
- 12:57 - 12:57
entire thing.
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It got too big, and that became a huge issue.
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They couldn't control it all.
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They were being attacked from all angles.
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Which leads us to number two barbarian invasions.
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So the Vandals, the Goss, the Huns, the Visigoths, all
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these names.
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These are known to the Romans and to history as
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barbarians. People.
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They were constantly out of war, constantly in battle.
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So barbarian invasions weakened them.
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Remember we said the gods overthrew them.
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And then the Huns came after them.
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They were constantly being attacked by the outside and to
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eventually they gave up their their entire empire.
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And the third and final one.
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Ah, word called corruption.
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Make sure you've highlighted all these corruption.
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Have you never heard this word is just when people's
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values the decaying of someone's values.
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So what this means in politics is that people started
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worrying more about themselves than they do about the city.
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And if you have ah, government.
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So in the United States we have a government.
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If people start worrying about what's best for them over
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what's best for all Americans.
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They become corrupt.
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And that really starts to threaten your government.
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So they started to bribe people and threaten people to
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achieve the goals they wanted in Rome itself became very
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corrupt. And there's all there's been hundreds of books written
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about the corruption of Rome and just how many bad
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leaders they had.
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Okay, all right, so that's right here.
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It's the end here.
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Alright, so that's, uh, the end of Rome.
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Hopefully the next time we have to do notes together,
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it will be in person.
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Because when we come back from Christmas, it'll be talking
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about the Coliseum and Gladiators, some fun activities that we're
- 14:31 - 14:32
going to do there.
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All right, so this is the end of Lecture four.
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Ah, lot of notes.
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If you did all this in one day, I know
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half hour worth of writing.
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Hopefully you got it off.
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You need to go back and re listen to something.
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You're always welcome to do so