Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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Hi Guys, It's Miss Horn.
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And this is the week 32 no red ink lesson
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on identifying sentences and fragments.
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So let's go ahead and get started by talking about
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identifying dependent and independent clauses.
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Yeah, okay, so an independent clause is a complete thought
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that can stand alone as a sentence.
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So by itself an independent clause is a complete sentence,
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it has subject verb and is a complete thought.
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A dependent clause adds information to the independent clause but
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it cannot stand alone by itself.
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So, for example, the man at the Post office always
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wears a fluffy hat.
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This is an independent clause.
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It can stand alone by itself.
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Um here we've got a combination.
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My english teacher has a jacket is an independent clause.
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It's got a subject english teacher, a verb has it's
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a complete thought, right?
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The dependent clause starts with that that she found at
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the zoo and that is the dependent clause because it
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cannot stand on its own.
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But if I could put these two together independent independent
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clause, it can become a complete sentence dependent clauses without
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an independent clause or sentence fragments.
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And that's we're trying to avoid.
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So if you're struggling to tell if something is a
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complete and incomplete thought, you can try reading it out
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loud um and and start to get a feel for
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whether the statement feels finished if it feels like something
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is missing.
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So here's some examples.
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The girls went to the park because they wanted to
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go on the slide.
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It's a complete thought, feels very finished.
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Um Here are three complete thoughts.
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It's raining, I'm called, are you hungry?
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Each one is a complete thought by itself has got
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a subject verb and his complete thought.
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And let's look at the incomplete thoughts, jumping up and
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down, spinning in circles.
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Missing. Here is the subject, right?
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Who's jumping up and down on the radio with a
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loud voice.
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This case we've got two prepositional phrases, but there is
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no subject or verb.
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You don't know who's doing what we know, that.
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It's on the radio with a lot of voice.
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So, okay, so adding a subordinate subordinating conjunction, the Swabey
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to complete thought creates a dependent clause.
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So you can start with an independent clause if you
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add a swab to, it becomes a dependent clause and
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it cannot function by itself.
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So here we've got David needs help with his homework
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because he missed class yesterday and the purple phrase because
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he missed class yesterday is our is a dependent clause.
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All right.
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It starts with a swabian this case because and then
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he missed class.
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Yesterday could be an independent clause by itself, but because
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we have that subordinating conjunction, it has to be attached
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to an independent clause.
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So just to remind you swabs, um S W A
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B. I write it stands for since, when, after, because
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and if and these are subordinating conjunctions because when you
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add it to a dependent clause, it kind of lowers
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it in value.
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It makes it uh sorry.
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When you add it to an independent clause, it lowers
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it in value, subordinates it and it makes it dependent.
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So you have to attach it to a independent clause
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in order to make a complete sentence.
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So here's another example are independent clauses in Blue Dave
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had a dream about a fairy alien.
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So let's look at this dependent clause here.
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He was sleeping is a complete thought by itself.
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It's got a subject verb.
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It's a complete thought.
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But when I add the Swabey to it while it
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now becomes dependent while he was sleeping right.
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It feels unfinished when you read it aloud, so I
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have to attach it to a coordinating independent clause in
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order to have a complete thought while he was sleeping.
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Dave had a dream about a fairy alien.
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So put those together and it's a complete thought.
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Okay, simple sentences and fragments.
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So just a review sentence requires a subject verb, a
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verb and a complete thought fragment is a group of
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words that does not express a complete thought.
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So it's missing either the subject, the verb or it
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doesn't express a complete thought.
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Um just just as a reminder, pronouns including the word,
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it can be the subject of a sentence, right, It
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rained. That's a complete sentence, but a subject verb, it's
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a complete thought.
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Um pronouns like he, she we and they can also
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be the subject of sentences.
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As in he ran that's a complete sentence about a
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subject. He ran a verb.
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It's a complete thought sentences can be very short uh
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and still be complete sentences as long as they have
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a subject verb and they are a complete thought as
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in birds fly, subject verb complete thought can um imperative
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sentences are commands or requests.
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Um imperative sentences can trick you into thinking that their
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fragments. So if I have the phrase the sentence, watch
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this. This is a command.
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I'm telling you you have to watch this.
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Um If you are unsure whether something is imperative or
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whether it's a fragment, try add you should or you
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must to it if you can do that and it
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makes sense.
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It's going to be and it's most likely going to
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be an imperative.
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So if I take the first example, watch this and
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add you should it makes sense.
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You should watch this, right?
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That makes sense.
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So I know it's imperative.
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So look at the examples here, be safe by ad
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you should you should be safe.
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That tells you it's definitely a sentence.
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But I say was safe and you should was safe.
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That doesn't make any sense.
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So that tells me it's a fragment.
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I look at the second example, juggle those bowling balls
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more carefully.
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You must juggle those bowling balls more carefully.
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That certainly makes sense.
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So that's a sentence, juggled those bowling balls more carefully
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by adding you must do that.
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You must juggle those bowling balls more carefully.
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That doesn't make any sense.
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Which tells me that this is a fragment in general.
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If a group of words does not have a subject,
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it's a fragment.
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So was walking briskly fragment.
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There's no subject.
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We don't know who was walking briskly.
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Um So here's some other examples.
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Was very upset, add a subject Jared and it makes
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sense is my cousin's favorite teacher, you have to know
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who is, who is my favorite teacher.
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In this case, Mr Martinez jumped into the hovercraft has
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sped away.
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The hippopotamus is the subject, so we add that and
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it makes it a complete sentence.
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It's a group of words does not have a verb.
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It's also a fragment.
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The lonely giraffe and his best friend.
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So in this case we've got a subject but we
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don't know what the lonely giraffe and his best friend
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are doing, right, so there's no verb.
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So you can fix these kinds of fragments by adding
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a verb, a verb phrase Jared and I Jared and
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I were very upset.
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My cousin's favorite teacher, my cousin favorite teacher is Mr
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Martinez, hippopotamus, an entire flock of seagulls, the hippopotamus, an
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entire flock of seagulls played happily in the pond.
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So these are easy to fix both.
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The missing subject of the missing verb.
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You just have to kind of recognize what's missing and
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added that into the sentence.
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Okay, recognizing phrases as fragments.
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So again, a sentence requires the subject bourbon and complete
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thought. A group of words that does not express a
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complete thought is a fragment.
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So here we've got focusing on the game.
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Gracie is totally in the zone, it's got a subject
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verb, it's a complete thought.
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Yeah. However, before my meeting with kevin is a fragment.
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This is a prepositional phrase before uh the two of
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them actually before my meeting and then with Kevin, we
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don't know what's happening before my meeting with Kevin.
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Okay, near the basketball court behind the elementary school.
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Again, we're missing information here.
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What's happening near the basketball court behind the elementary school.
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Who's doing it?
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So we have these french is we have a lot
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of words but it's not a complete thought.
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These can be easy to fix.
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So we take the phrase looking at the dog um
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in this case um we've got we've got a phrase
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that's missing elements.
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So looking at the dog, Xavier made a silly face.
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We can attach a phrase like looking at the dog.
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Okay, here's another example under the sofa that was built
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by my grandfather.
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Again, a lot of words here, but we don't have
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anything that's happening.
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Um Is this a description of of a place right
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under the sofa that was built by my grandfather?
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What's happening there?
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So here we got under the sofa, Michelle found a
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coin. Or I could even see under the sofa that
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was built by my grandfather, comma, Michelle found a coin.
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Um And that makes it a complete idea because we
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need the subject and the verb what's happening under there.
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Okay, so conjunctivitis adverbs like therefore show can show relationships
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between sentences.
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Um Conjunctivitis adverbs are generally known by the academic fam
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O t h M O and that stands for the
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most common conjunctivitis verbs therefore however also meanwhile and otherwise.
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Um Now Sam owes.
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Unlike swabs which we talked about.
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Sam owes do not make a they don't turn a
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dependent clause or an independent clause.
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They don't turn an independent clause into a dependent clause.
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Right? So you can start a sentence with a conjunction
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adverb and it is still a sentence.
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You're not making it into a dependent clause.
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So let's look at the example, luis lifts the most
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weight. Therefore he has the biggest muscles and so he
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has the biggest muscles is a independent clause.
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If I add the sammo to it, therefore I'm not
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changing it.
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It's still a single idea.
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It's still a complete thought.
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I mean here's some other examples that Aiden is the
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smallest. He should crawl under the fence, Aiden is the
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smallest. Therefore he should crawl under the fence.
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Now notice that this but this does is it that
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the family shows the connection.
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The relationship between the two sentences.
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So it is the smallest.
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Therefore it's a cause and effect right?
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Noah cooked.
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The other campers looked for a nearby stream.
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Noah cooked.
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Meanwhile the other campers look for nearby stream.
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So this is showing a time relationship between them.
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So he loves brownies.
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Her friend prefers cookies so he loves Franny's her friend
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however prefers cookies.
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So this is showing um kind of compare and contrast.
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Um And then we've got another.
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Therefore here is the last example but again they're always
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showing them was always showing a relationship between two different
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sentences, but each one is a complete thought by itself
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tha mose inserting a family does not fix a fragment.
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So I've got Aidan is the smallest.
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Should crawl under the fence.
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Should crawl into the fence is a fragment.
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Just adding a family does not make it into a
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complete sentence.
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Aidan is the smallest, therefore should crawl under the fence.
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It's still missing a subject.
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He should crawl under the fence.
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Um No a cooked.
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Looking for nearby stream.
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No a cooked.
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Meanwhile looking for a nearby stream, It's still missing the
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subject. So if you look at these examples, it's the
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same problem whether you in this case they're both missing
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verbs. So her friend, however, a fan of cookies is
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a fan of cookies.
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Um So you need to you need to make sure
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that you don't try to just slap a thermo into
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a sentence.
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I think that's going to fix a fragment.
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You still have to have the subject and the verb
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and has to make complete thought.
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Now swab ease subordinating conjunctions Um joined two thoughts into
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one sentence.
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It's they take to complete ideas and they put them
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together in one single sentence.
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Now if a subordinating conjunction starts a sentence, it is
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still a complete sentence.
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If it has two thoughts again, you can remember subordinating
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subordinating conjunctions with Swabey since when, after.
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Because in if here's an example, Riley woke up early
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after a hearty breakfast, she went to the park.
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All right, so we've got two ideas here, eating a
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hearty breakfast, going to the park.
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Um So it's a complete idea.
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It's a complete sentence.
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Let's look at these.
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Tyler lost his glasses, he wasn't upset, he had another
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pair. Each of those are complete sentences on their on
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their own.
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Um, but there choppy right there short choppy sentences.
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If I want to make more complex sentences, I'm going
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to need to combine some of these ideas together.
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Um, Second example Evan's laptop died, He will buy a
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new one.
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They are on sale.
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Same problem all are grammatically correct complete sentences but it's
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not very kind of mature.
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Higher level writing.
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Now if I just added a subordinating conjunction, I'm going
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to create a fragment because the subordinating conjunction only it
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only is a complete sentence if it's combining two thoughts
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together. So if I just add because he had another
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pair it is not a sentence on its own.
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If they are on sale it's not a sentence on
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its own.
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But I can use it to combine two of the
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sentences together.
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As in because he had another pair.
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He wasn't upset.
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If they are on sale, he will by anyone.
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Right? So the Swabey allows me to combine those two
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complete thoughts to complete short, choppy thoughts together into a
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longer, more complicated sentence and there you go, identifying sentences
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and fragments.
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Good luck, guys!