Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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me. It looks like it's recording, but I need to
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find where I need to start.
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There we go.
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Okay. Get my buttons together and I am ready.
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Put my hair back.
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Okay. Hi, I'm out.
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12 three.
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Hi, I'm Ellison Saloum.
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I'm a professor in the school of social work, And
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I've been working almost 30 years with Children who have
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experienced traumatic events, specifically working to learn effective interventions for
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Children and their families After trauma, I'm going to briefly
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discuss some current trends in trauma research.
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So let's start off talking about how do we define
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trauma? Trauma refers to intense an overwhelming experiences that involve
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serious loss threat are harm to a person's physical and
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or emotional well being.
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Thes experiences may occur at any time in a person's
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life. They may involve a single traumatic event one time
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maybe two times three times or even be repeated.
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Over many years.
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Traumatic experiences often overwhelmed the person's coping capacities.
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Their resource is This often leads to the person to
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find a way of coping that may work in the
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short run, but may cause serious harm in the long
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run. When we talk about traumatic events there, many different
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types of traumatic events in childhood, there might be neglect
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or abandonment.
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We might have a death of a caregiver, um, or
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apparent. And then there are also many other types of
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family events that might happen in the family, such as
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alcohol or substance misuse, parental incarceration, violence.
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And all of these can lead to traumatic events.
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When we talk about traumatic events, these things can occur
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throughout the lifespan.
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So from a young baby, um, even to a mother
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who is pregnant before the traumatic event happening then or
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all the way until end of life.
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And what we know is that trauma is common in
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childhood as well as adulthood.
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So in adulthood we might see domestic violence, sexual assault,
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physical assault, trauma could come from combat or war zone
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exposure and a ZX.
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Many of our veterans have experienced traumatic stress from war
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zone exposure.
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We also might have trauma through incidents, car accidents.
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There might be a life threatening illness or witnessing or
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having someone gets seriously hurt or die.
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Um, we can experience traumatic stress from having a loved
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one die by suicide, having a loved one who was
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murdered or many different ways in terms of traumatic experiences.
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In terms of how people are loved ones have died.
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There is also racial trauma or race based traumatic that
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can cause, um, traumatic traumatic stress through racism as well
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as through hate crimes.
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So, given the devastating impact of trauma, the strong association
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between early childhood trauma and negative behavioral and health outcomes,
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trauma exposure is a public health crisis.
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In 2015, 2017.
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So 27 states added questions about adverse childhood experiences to
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the Behavioral Risk factor surveillance system, which is a survey.
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It's a telephone based survey.
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Um, administer semi semi annually, and data here were collected
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with 144,017 adults.
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And Dad coming, I couldn't see that.
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That's why things didn't go out, so I couldn't see
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it. So didn't zoom, did it?
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No. Okay, so I'm going to start all over.
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Sorry. Mhm.
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Okay. So I'm gonna bring this back so I can
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sit up straight.
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Sure. Okay.
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All right.
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So take two.
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All right.
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Here we g o Hi.
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My name is Alison Siloam, and I'm a professor in
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the school of social work at the University of South
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Florida. I have been working almost 30 years with Children
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who have experienced traumatic events, specifically working toe.
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Learn about effective interventions for Children and their families.
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After trauma, I'm going to briefly discuss some current trends
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in trauma research.
- 05:12 - 05:14
So let's start by talking about how do we define
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trauma? So trauma refers to intense and overwhelming experiences that
- 05:21 - 05:24
involves serious loss, threat or harm to a person's physical
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and or emotional well being.
- 05:28 - 05:30
These experiences may occur at any time in a person's
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life. They may involve a single traumatic events, so they
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could happen one time, maybe two times, maybe three times
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or maybe repeated over many years.
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Traumatic experiences often overwhelmed the person's coping capacities.
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Their resource is.
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This often leads to a person to find ways of
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coping. That may work in the short run but may
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cause serious harm in the long run.
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There are many different types of traumatic experiences in childhood
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and adulthood and childhood.
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We might see neglect or abandonment.
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We might have the death of a caregiver, or we
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might have family circumstances that may lead to traumatic events.
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Yeah, as I've mentioned, it can occur trauma can occur
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in childhood and adulthood, so trauma occurs throughout the lifespan.
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Some common types of trauma in adulthood might be domestic
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violence, sexual assault, physical assault, combat combat or war exposure
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experienced by many many of our veterans.
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Injury or accidents, maybe a car accident or some other
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type of accident, life threatening illness are having witness or
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having someone gets seriously hurt or die.
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We know that people can experience traumatic stress by having
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a loved one die by suicide or other ways of
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having a loved one die.
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There's also racial trauma or race based trauma caused by
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racism and hate crimes.
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So given the devastating impact of trauma, the strong association
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between early childhood trauma and negative behavioral and health outcomes,
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trauma exposure is a public health crisis.
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In 2015 17 27 states added questions about adverse childhood
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experiences to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.
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This is a telephone based survey administered annually, and in
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this particular study there were 144,000 and 17 adults, and
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what they found here is that about 61% of adults
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in the United States had experienced one or more aces
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and about 16% had experienced four or more aces.
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We also know that there are health disparities or disparities
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in terms of people experiencing trauma exposure.
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So people with low incomes, employment, unemployment are unable toe
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work and well, let me stop here, though, and say
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that we know that trauma exposure can lead to disrupting
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educational attainment that can lead Thio lower income.
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But we also know that racial, ethnic minorities, women and
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young adults are also more risk for trauma exposure.
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There are many different estimates of the Center for Disease
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Control, the Kaiser Aces study.
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So depending on how they look at the waves, the
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waves of data and how they do these estimates.
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But when we look at the Kaiser study and more
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recent, um, study on aces from the Behavioral Risk Factor
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surveillance system, what we see here is that when you
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look at this, what you're really seeing is the study
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for aces and a more recent study.
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We're seeing pretty similar results.
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Now I want to switch and talk about primary care
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clinics, and so they're two studies I want to highlight.
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One is that we have seen that at least two
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thirds of patients receiving care from their primary health clinic
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from their physician reported experiencing at least one traumatic event,
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and 15 12.5% or about 13% had experienced current post
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traumatic stress disorder.
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And this is compared to 3.5% in the general population.
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So patients coming in, um to primary health clinics about
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13% experiencing current post traumatic stress disorder, compared to 3.5%.
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And Inequality Improvement Project At the University of South Florida
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General Internal Medicine, 29% of patients reported experiencing sexual trauma
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now. I mentioned post traumatic stress or post traumatic stress
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disorder, And many people who experience a traumatic event may
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experience post traumatic stress symptoms.
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A smaller percentage may experience post traumatic stress disorder, and
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this can cause severe impairment in one's life.
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People with post traumatic stress might feel like they're reliving
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the trauma all over again.
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Um, they might feel like they can't stop thinking they
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want to stop thinking about it.
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They want to avoid it, push it away, not think
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about people, places, things, conversation, any reminders, push them away
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At the same time, they're having intrusions where it's coming
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back into their mind even when they don't want Thio.
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So there's Israel push to avoidance and still coming back
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to them.
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We also know that people who experiencing post traumatic stress
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disorder or post traumatic stress symptoms often may become more
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negative about themselves in the world.
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They might feel guilty, might have a lot of shame
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and maybe not want to do things that they used
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to like to do or the things that they used
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to enjoy.
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There may be more irritable, just always just on edge.
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And everybody is bothering just more quick to anger, more
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irritable. We know that people experience difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping,
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and this impairment in one's life really can take a
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toll socially in terms of relationships in terms of work,
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so really significant impairment in one's life.
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So in addition to the heavy burden of trauma in
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all aspects of one's life, trauma has an enormous economic
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cost. So bells and Associates suggested that the estimated annual
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cost of the effect of adverse childhood experiences on how
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on health outcomes in North America to be 748 billion,
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and when they looked closer at the data What they
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saw is that 75% of these costs arose from people
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with two or more aces.
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And further, they suggest that a 10% reduction in the
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prevalence of individuals with aces would save 105 billion each
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year. Clearly, we must address prevention.
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So efforts that prevent aces could also potentially prevent adult
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chronic conditions, depression, health risk behaviors and negative social economic
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outcomes. Based on the work of American associates that I
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mentioned earlier who had analyzed the data from the Behavioral
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Risk Factor surveillance system, What do they found?
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And what they suggested was that preventing adverse childhood experiences
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could potentially reduce the number of persons with coronary heart
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disease the leading cause of death the United States by
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up to 12.6% representing a potential reduction of of approximately
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1.1 million cases of coronary heart disease heart disease for
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the for the states.
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For the data that they analyzed, so tremendous amount of
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prevention could be could be obtained if we can prevent
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some of these adverse childhood experiences the same researchers, when
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they applied when they applied this to annual national estimates.
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This translates up to prevention of 1.9 million cases of
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coronary heart heart disease.
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2.5 million cases of overweight or obesity, 1.5 million incidences
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of high school or non completion.
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Remember, I talked about trauma can take its toll on,
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you know, disrupt educational attainment.
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People reaching their goals and 21.
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It can prevent 21 million cases of depression that would
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have been potentially avoided by preventing adverse childhood experiences.
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So we have talked about adverse childhood experiences.
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It is also really important when we talk about adverse
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childhood experiences that we also recognizes the positive experiences that
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Children can have in their life.
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So aces and positive childhood experiences on what we know
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is that positive childhood experiences may in fact buffer some
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of the negative consequences of aces, especially as adults.
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If we've had these positive childhood experiences in childhood, it
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may be able to buffer mental health problems or relational
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health problems.
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So what do we mean by positive childhood experiences?
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So one researcher describes it this way.
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This is one of the measures of positive childhood experiences,
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so the child is able to talk with family members
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about feeling