Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
15
Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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Hi, my name is Katherine and I'm a registered nurse
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at the cardiac rehab and stress testing department at Northeastern
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Vermont Regional Hospital.
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I'd like to talk to you about the risk factors
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for coronary heart disease.
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Your risk of coronary heart disease goes up with the
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more risk factors you have and how serious they are.
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Some risk factors can be improved through heart, healthy lifestyle
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changes. All of the risk factors cannot be changed.
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It's important to know what risk factors you have.
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So you can understand the ways you can improve your
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heart health.
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I will first review the risk factors that are non
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modifiable or uncontrollable.
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These are risk factors that you were born with.
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The more of these risk factors you have the greater
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chance of developing coronary heart disease.
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The first risk factor is increasing age, aging affects all
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the organs of the body, including the heart.
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When a person ages, their blood vessels stiffen, which will
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increase blood pressure.
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This puts more strain and work on the heart, which
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increases the risk for coronary heart disease.
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The next risk factor is being mailed, Men have a
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greater risk of heart attack than women do and they
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have heart attacks earlier in life.
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The risk for coronary heart disease.
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In men search to increase when they are around 45
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years old, Women normally have a lower risk for heart
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disease than men do before they go through menopause.
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However, after on age 55 women's risk for heart disease
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does go up even after menopause.
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It's still not as great as a man's risk for
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heart disease though.
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Yeah. Another risk factor that is not controllable is a
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race or ethnicity.
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Heart disease can affect anyone, but some people are more
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likely to have conditions that increase their risk for cardiovascular
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disease. For instance, african americans have more severe high blood
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pressure than caucasians.
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Heart disease is also the leading cause of death for
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people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United
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States, including african americans, Hispanics, american indians and Alaska natives.
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There's not a clear answer as to why some people
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have this increased risk.
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It's likely a combination of genetics and lifestyle choices.
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The last respect er that is not controllable is heredity
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or family history.
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We inherit genes from our parents, genes affect how we
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look and how our bodies work.
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They can also pass on high risk conditions such as
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high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.
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These conditions increase your risk of developing heart disease.
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Researchers found that Children of parents with heart disease are
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more likely to develop it themselves.
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There's no single gene that increases your risk.
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It's likely a combination of several genes.
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Unfortunately, you cannot do anything about your family history, age
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or sex, but you can reduce your risk of developing
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cardiovascular disease by making heart healthy lifestyle choices.
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Now let's look at the respect, ear's that can be
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changed or modifiable.
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Some of these risk factors are health or medical conditions
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and others are behaviors controllable health conditions that are risk
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factors for heart disease are high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
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diabetes and being overweight or obese, let's take a closer
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look at each of these medical conditions and how they
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can impact your heart.
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Arteries are the vessels that carry your blood from your
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heart to your brain and the rest of your body.
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When the heart pumps blood through the arteries, the blood
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puts pressure on the artery walls.
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This is known as blood pressure.
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You need a certain amount of blood pressure to get
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the blood moving around your body when you get your
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blood pressure checked.
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The result is two numbers.
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The top number is your systolic pressure.
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This is the highest level of your blood pressure when
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your heart beats and contracts to pump blood through your
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arteries. The bottom number is your diastolic pressure.
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This is the lowest level of your blood pressure.
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When your heart relaxes between beats, your blood pressure naturally
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goes up and down throughout the day and night and
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it's normal for it to go up a little while
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you're moving about, your arteries are stretching.
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To cope with the blood pressure changes throughout the day.
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High blood pressure or hypertension is when your overall blood
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pressure is consistently high.
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Even when you are resting, high blood pressure makes arteries
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lose their stretchy nous, they become stiff and narrow, which
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makes your heart work harder to pump blood around your
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body. The narrowing also makes it easier for fatty material
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or plaque to clog them If the arteries that carry
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blood to your heart get damaged or clogged, it can
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lead to a heart attack.
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If this happens in the arteries that carry blood to
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your brain, it can lead to a stroke.
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High blood pressure can also cause kidney failure.
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Heart failure, problems with your sight and dementia.
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There isn't always an explanation for the cause of high
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blood pressure, but most people develop high blood pressure because
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of their diet, lifestyle or medical conditions being overweight, drinking
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too much alcohol or smoking, eating too much salt and
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not getting enough exercise can all increase your risk of
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getting high blood pressure to find out if you have
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high blood pressure.
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It's important to have regular appointments with your provider to
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have your blood pressure checked the next modifiable or controllable
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risk factor is high cholesterol cholesterol's of fatty substance found
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in your blood is produced naturally in the liver.
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Everyone has cholesterol and we need it to stay healthy
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because every cell in our body uses it.
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A person's total cholesterol level is affected by their age,
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sex, Heredity, exercise and diet high cholesterols.
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When you have too much cholesterol in your blood.
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This can increase your risk of heart disease.
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Heart attack and stroke.
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You may have heard of different types of cholesterol for
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instance, good and bad cholesterol.
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Low density lipoproteins or LDL is called bad cholesterol, this
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is because when there is too much of it, it
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can build up and stick to the inside walls of
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your blood vessels.
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This can make arteries clogged and narrow, which makes it
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harder for blood to flow through a piece of the
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clogged area can break off which might obstruct blood flow
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completely in a part of your body.
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This increases the risk of having a heart attack or
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stroke. High density lipoproteins or HDL is called good cholesterol.
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This is because it gets rid of the bad cholesterol
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from your blood.
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It takes cholesterol that you don't need back to the
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liver. The liver breaks it down so it can be
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passed out of your body.
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Our blood also contains a third type of fat called
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triglycerides. This is stored in the body's fat cells, being
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overweight, eating a lot of fatty and sugary foods, or
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drinking too much alcohol can make you more likely to
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have high triglyceride levels.
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Triglycerides can also contribute to the narrowing of the artery
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walls, increasing the risk for heart attack and stroke.
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The risk for coronary heart disease increases even more when
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you have high cholesterol and other risk factors to your
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provider. Should consider your total cholesterol levels.
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LDL HDL and triglycerides in context with all the other
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risk factors you may have and determine the best treatment
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plan for you.
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Another controllable medical condition that is a risk factor for
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heart disease.
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As diabetes, your body needs glucose or sugar for energy,
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insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas that moves
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glucose from your bloodstream and into the cells of your
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body for energy if you have diabetes, your body doesn't
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make enough, insulin can use its own insulin as well
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as it should.
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Or both.
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Glucose ends up staying in the bloodstream and can't move
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across into your cells to give them energy to work
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properly. High levels of glucose in your blood can damage
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the walls of your arteries and makes them more likely
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to develop fatty deposits or plaque, which increases your risk
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of a heart attack or stroke.
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The risk of death from disease.
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For adults with diabetes is higher than for adults who
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do not have diabetes.
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At least 68% of people over 65 years of age
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with diabetes to have some form of heart disease and
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16% die of stroke.
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If you have diabetes, it's extremely important to work with
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your health care provider to manage it and control any
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other risk factors you may have.
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The last controllable health condition is being overweight or obese.
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The amount of energy in a food or drink is
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measured in calories.
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You bring energy and calories into your body by eating
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and you burn energy and calories by being active when
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you eat and drink more calories than you use up
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your body stores the extra calories as body fat.
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If you regularly eat more calories than you use up,
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you'll start to gain weight.
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Obesity is having excess body fat, obesity causes higher amounts
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of bad cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
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It can even lower your good cholesterol levels.
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Being overweight or obese leads to fatty material or plaque
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building up in your arteries, which damages and clogs arteries.
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This can increase your risk of heart attack and stroke.
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Overweight and obese adults can make healthy lifestyle changes to
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lose weight.
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A sustained weight loss of 3-5% body weight can help
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reduce some of these heart risks.
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Now let's look at the health behaviors that can increase
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your risk of heart disease.
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These include physical in activity, stress, tobacco use, alcohol and
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nutrition. Looking closer a physical and activity, we know that
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the heart is a muscle and like any other muscle
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it needs to exercise to help it work properly.
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The american Heart association recommends 30 to 60 minutes of
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aerobic exercise 3 to 4 times per week.
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To promote cardiovascular fitness, physical and activity or being sedentary
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is when you don't move your body for long periods
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of time and you do not meet these physical activity
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guidelines. Being inactive can lead to fatty material build up
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in your arteries, which increases the risk for heart attack.
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Heart disease and stroke.
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Having regular physical activity.
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Can reduce your risk of developing some heart and circulatory
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diseases by as much as 35% regular physical activity, helps
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control your blood pressure and keep it within healthy levels.
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It raises your levels of good cholesterol and reduces the
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bad cholesterol.
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It can help to control your blood glucose levels, reducing
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the risk of type two diabetes.
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It increases the number of calories you burn and helps
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you maintain a healthy weight.
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Not only does regular physical activity protect your heart, it
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can also help your general well being by boosting your
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mood, improving your concentration and memory and helping you sleep
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better. Tobacco use is another risk factor for heart disease.
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A smoker's risk of developing heart disease is much higher
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than that of non smokers.
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The chemicals from smoking cigarettes makes the walls of your
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arteries sticky so plaque easily adheres to them.
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It constricts or tightens your blood vessels which increases your
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blood pressure, smoking also increases the risk of having an
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abnormal heart rhythm or an arrhythmia exposure to other people
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smoke or secondhand smoke increases the risk for heart disease
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too. The chemicals and cigarettes affect your body while you're
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smoking and long after the cigarette is finished.
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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that you breathe in
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when you smoke cigarettes, it prevents your blood cells from
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carrying oxygen around your body as well as they should.
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High levels of carbon monoxide in your blood greatly increases
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your risk of heart and circulatory diseases.
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Tar is also found in cigarette smoke and can cause
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cancer when you breathe it in 70% of the tar
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stays in your lungs and damages them cigarettes labelled light,
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mild or low tar or misleading in any amount of
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tar is bad for your health.
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Nicotine is addictive chemical found in cigarettes and most e
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cigarette products.
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It increases your heart rate and blood pressure untreated.
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High blood pressure permanently damages your arteries in your heart.
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It's never too late to quit smoking.
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You might notice benefits from quitting much sooner than you
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think. 20 minutes after you quit smoking your heart rate
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and blood pressure returned to normal After 12 hours, the
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level of carbon monoxide in the blood drops back to
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normal after several weeks exercise becomes easier and breathing improves
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six months after quitting a smoker's cough and shortness of
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breath are reduced after one year of quitting.
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Your risk of having a heart attack is half that
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of a smoker.
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It's very important to talk to your provider about resources
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that are available to help you quit stress is another
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modifiable or controlled by risk factor.
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Stress is a feeling of being overwhelmed or under pressure.
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Short moments of stress are normal but when you're constantly
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or chronically under stress it has many effects on your
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body and your heart stress triggers the tightening of arteries
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which increases blood pressure makes the heart pump faster and
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work harder.
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Feeling overwhelmed.
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Can also cause someone to not exercise.
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The unhealthy foods or overeat.
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Start smoking smoke more often than they otherwise would or
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to drink more alcohol in general using unhealthy habits to
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cope with stress leads to high cholesterol, high blood pressure
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and diabetes It's important to learn healthy stress management techniques
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that work for you.
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Another controllable respect er for heart diseases, alcohol use according
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to the dietary guidelines for americans, adults who choose to
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drink alcohol in moderation should limit intake to two drinks
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or less than a day for men and one drink
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or less than a day for women.
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Knowing the daily limit recommendation is the first step in
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healthy alcohol consumption.
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The next is understanding what a standard drink is.
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The standard drink is equal to 0.6 oz of pure
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alcohol. Generally this amount of pure alcohol varies by beverage.
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12 fluid ounces of regular beer is one drink, five
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ounces of wine is one drink and 1.5 ounces or
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a shot of 80 proof liquor is also one drink.
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Drinking excess alcohol can cause abnormal heart rhythms, high blood
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pressure damage, sheer heart muscle and other diseases such as
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stroke liver problems and some cancers.
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Alcohol is also high in calories, so excess consumption can
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lead to waking.
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It also lowers your inhibitions, which might mean you find
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it harder to stick to your healthy eating plan when
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you have been drinking the last modifiable or controllable health
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behavior. That's a respected for her diseases.
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Your diet and nutrition.
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Unhealthy eating patterns can lead to overweight obesity, high cholesterol
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and plaque build up in the heart's arteries.
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Examples of unhealthy eating include high amounts of saturated fats,
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trans fats and refined carbohydrates.
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Try to limit or avoid these foods.
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Try choosing a diet that emphasizes an intake of vegetables,
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fruits and whole grains, low fat dairy products, poultry, fish,
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legumes, nuts and non tropical vegetable oils.
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Keep in mind that the food early in the mouth
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can also affect your other risk factors.
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To this concludes the presentation on risk factors for cardiovascular
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disease. Thank you for watching.
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If you have any questions or would like to discuss
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your specific risk factors further, please reach out to one
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of the staff members here at Cardiac Rehab.
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We're always happy to help.