Audio Transcript Auto-generated
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So this presentation is about separation anxiety disorder.
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The first thing we're going to look at is the
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diagnostic criteria.
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The essential feature is that there is an excessive fear
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or anxiety concerning ex separation from home or attachment figures.
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So this could be parents, grandparents, somebody that the person
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is attached to husbands, Children.
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And this is like the underlying part of all the
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criteria criterion A that it's developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear
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or anxiety that concerns from the separation from the home
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where Tatra figures has said before, and this is evidenced
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by at least three of the following features.
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Or the first is recurrent excessive distress, but anticipating or
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even experiencing the separation from the home or the attachment
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figures I said before.
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There's the worry about losing your major attachment figures, whether
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this is through harm to them, illness, injury or just
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then moving away, perhaps the third be worry about experiencing
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untoward event.
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This includes things like getting lost, being kidnapped, having an
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accident that would take you away, it cause you to
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be away from your family, becoming ill.
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Things like that.
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Another would be reluctance or refusal to go out because
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of fear of separation.
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This could be going to school, going to work, going
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to the grocery store, going to social excursions, anything that
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would take you away from the home or from your
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attachment figure.
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Uh the 5th is fear reluctant about being alone.
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So there's fear that even if you're at home, if
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you're apart from your attachment figures reluctance and refusal to
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sleep away, this is seeing Children not wanting to go
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to sleep over things like that, not wanting to go
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to college and like sleep in a dorm room, repeated
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nightmares that involve the theme of separation and complaints of
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physical symptoms when separated when separation occurs.
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Or is anticipated.
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That could be headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting, anything physical that
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wouldn't necessarily be thought to be connected to separation in
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the typical sense, actually, the criterion B which is that
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the fearing or anxiety lasts for at least four weeks
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in Children and typically at least six months in adults.
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But this six months cut off should be only seen
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as a guide and should be really flexible when working
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with adults.
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Criterion C is that it causes clinically significant distress an
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impairment in areas of functioning.
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So as with many pathologies, it's the distress that makes
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it up an issue criterion D is that it's not
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better explained by another mental disorder.
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So whether that is another type of anxiety, things like
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that, Next we're going to go to the prevalence, so
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the prevalence of separation anxiety decreases as people get older.
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So in adults, a 12 month prevalence about .9-1.9%, and
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it's more frequent than females when you look at adults
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In Children, though in the 6 to 12 month prevalence
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in Children, it's 4%,, And then the 12 point prevalence
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of adolescence is 1.6%.
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So we can see that decrease even in that short,
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like Children to adolescents and Children is more commonly, it's
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equally common in both males and females, whereas in adults
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it's more common than just the females.
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Thanks for the look at the development and course of
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the disorder.
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So onset maybe as early as preschool.
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So around like three.
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Um, this is filled with periods of exacerbation and remission.
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So sometimes it may the anxiety, the separation anxiety maybe
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very prominent and there might be times where it's like
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a little calm down.
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The anxiety and the avoidance may persist through adulthood.
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So this could change to a different type of anxiety
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except maybe even panic disorders, but it can continue.
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A majority of people with separation anxiety are free from
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impairing anxiety disorders.
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So as they age, they will be able to get
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to school, things like that and work adults.
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Many adults don't remember how or when their separation anxiety
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started, they just remember the symptoms of it.
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So they remember not wanting to be away from that
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attachment figure, not wanting to be away from home, but
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don't necessarily remember how it started since it does start
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so young.
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So separation anxiety may manifest as reluctant tendency to go
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to school.
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So kids don't want to go, I don't wanna be
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away from their parents.
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You see this a lot.
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A good example would be like when kids are being
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dropped off and then clinging onto their parents leg.
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Um It may only appear appear when separation is experienced,
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so the person seems fine until they are put in
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a situation that takes them away from their home.
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Their attachment figure in a lot of adults who have
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it. It's seen as an over concern and over protectiveness
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about their kids or their spouses almost like a helicopter
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parent situation where they want to know what their kids
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are doing at all times to make sure that there
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okay, things like that.
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And it may interrupt work and social experiences if you're
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too afraid to be away from your kids or you're
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always checking up on your kids, it could take away
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from you being able to do good work or take
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away from you being able to go out with friends
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and being away from them.
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Mhm. So next we're looking at the risk in prognosis.
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So there's the environmental aspect of it.
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It often develops after a life stress.
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This could be in the situation like loss, whether this
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is the loss of a parent, a grandparent, a child,
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a pet, anything like that, A sibling.
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It can be seen.
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It can develop from that from leaving homes.
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This is saying a lot in college students, so, or
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people who have to move away.
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So once they have to leave their parents their house,
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their town and go away to school, go away for
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a job, things like that.
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And you can see a lot of the symptoms coming
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up starting in a relationship.
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So, this is a new attachment figure in their lives.
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There's an extreme concern for them and the fear of
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losing them becoming apparent.
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The same idea that is starting a relationship.
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This is a new attachment figure in their life.
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So, there's more fear now added, because there's another thing
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parental over protection and intrusion can be associated with this.
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So, if your parents were always around you and there
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is never the idea that they had gone once, that
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figure is gone.
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It could come from that, but it also can on
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the side of the parents.
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If the parents have separation anxiety, they can be overprotective
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and intrusive, which could then create separation anxiety in their
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kids. The genetic and physiological, it may be heritable and
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Children, there's an estimated 73% in a 12 year study
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of a community sample of six year old twins, this
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is seen higher and higher rights and girls in particular
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through this study.
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So, it could be genetic.
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Now we'll look at the ideology of the disorder.
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So the biological or genetic basis is that there's a
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genetic component is to it, as I said before, with
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73 in that study, and it can lead to other
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anxiety and panic disorders in the future.
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So, stemming from separation anxiety that was had as a
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child could turn into other things as the person gets
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older and with that we just have the sources here,
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and that's it.