The Quote Sandwich

Audio Transcript Auto-generated

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  Good morning.

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  Good afternoon.

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  Good evening and good night class.

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  Today we're gonna talk about the backbone of the Texas

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  style paragraph.

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  The X now X stands, for example.

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  But in an English class, nine times out of 10,

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  that example is going to be a quote.

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  So today we're gonna learn about a memory aid.

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  The quote sandwich that will help us remember the three

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  parts to integrate in a quote smoothly into your own

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  writing. But first, let's take one step back and talk

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  about why Why do we integrate quotes?

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  As it happens, we do so for a variety of

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  reasons, and not just because our teacher says we need

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  Thio. The main reason why we integrate quote is because

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  we need support for our claims.

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  We're trying to make an argument and not just present

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  an opinion.

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  So we need to give evidence and the quotes do

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  that in our papers.

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  In particular, a quote is a much stronger piece of

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  evidence compared to something like a paraphrase or description, because

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  it gives us rich, specific details to analyze which is

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  what we want when we're explaining our reasoning.

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  And then also, if we choose our quotes wisely, we

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  can actually borrow the ethos of a secondary source.

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  So, for example, let's say we're talking about contemporary American

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  philosophy, in particular about race, gender and class.

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  Now, instead of interviewing just some random person at the

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  bus stop, we could instead integrate professor from Harvard, Cornell

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  West, as those topics happened to be where his expertise

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  lies. And if we did so and we introduced him

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  properly, it shows that we, too, have researched the topic,

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  and we had to borrow just a little bit of

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  his ethos.

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  It's pretty straightforward on the service to integrate a quote,

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  and yet sometimes we run into issues, so let's talk

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  about what to avoid.

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  What we want to avoid at all costs is a

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  hit and run quote.

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  Hopefully, you've never had that tragic experience of going out

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  to the parking lot and finding your car has been

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  hit, and there's no note, no sign of whoever did

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  it. So that feeling that gut wrenching feeling, it's similar

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  to when you just throw a quote into your paper

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  and run away from it, and you put it in

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  there just cause your teacher said, you need to quote

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  every paragraph when you do so, it does nothing like

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  absolutely zero for your essay, and it may be clear

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  to you the connection between the quote and your topic

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  sentence and thus your thesis.

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  But if you don't actually explain your reasoning, you haven't

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  actually built an argument.

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  So the memory aid, the quote sandwich is all about

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  avoiding those hit and run quote and more importantly, to

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  integrate that the evidence smoothly.

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  So let's go ahead and look at the quote sandwich,

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  the solution to all of these problems we just looked

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  at. And as we go through this, what I want

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  you to do is imagine whatever sandwich you would like

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  to eat most right now just to help you remember

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  the parts.

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  For me, that's a fried peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

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  Maybe I'm feeling a little Elvis at the moment.

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  Look at that delicious sandwich for you.

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  However, it might be a veggie sandwich or even a

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  burger from Super Burger here in Santa Rosa.

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  Whatever said what you feel like eating.

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  Just have it firmly in your mind.

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  So let's go ahead and look at what's going on

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  with our sandwich for that first slice of bread.

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  Let's say we grab some nice brioche.

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  What you want to do is introduce the quote in

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  this part of the quote.

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  Sandwich overlaps with the E part of Texas, which remember

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  the e part of Texas, which is expand, usually takes

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  2 to 3 sentences.

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  So here what you want to do is give basic

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  context so your reader can understand the quote.

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  And most of the time when we're writing as scholars

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  toe, other scholars were imagining that the scholarly audience has

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  not read whatever text we're talking about, so we give

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  them basic context, trusting in their intelligence so that they

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  can understand with just the basics.

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  So, for example, we might give the author and title

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  if we haven't introduced it already, or if we're talking

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  about something like a novel, we might give the speaker

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  in that moment and a little bit of the plot

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  right beforehand.

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  So when you're integrating your quotes, it's nice sometimes just

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  to have a few templates to fall back on.

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  So here are four from Gerald graphs.

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  They say.

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  I say book.

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  You might have some like X states that there's are

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  quote as the prominent Philosopher X puts it comma according

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  to X comma.

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  Writing in the journal Commentary, X complains that.

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  And then there's the quote.

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  So when we're looking at thes number two and number

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  four are stronger because they're giving brief hints of the

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  ethos of the source.

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  So, of course, most of your sources aren't going to

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  be prominent philosophers.

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  But you would fill in philosopher with whatever they happen

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  to be so prominent author, prominent scientists, prominent politician, whatever

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  it happens to be.

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  And then in the fourth one, an academic journal is

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  usually peer reviewed, and so that already hints at that

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  credibility. And then, of course, they still give us the

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  author's name.

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  You might have also noticed that I was often emphasizing

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  the comma.

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  All of these templates are what's known as signal phrases,

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  and so they come right before the quote to make

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  sure you have that nice, smooth introduction.

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  They do, however, nine times out of 10 need a

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  comma before you start the quote.

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  The exception to this is if you actually integrate the

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  quote into your syntax into your sentence structure, and if

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  you'd like an example of that, the writing center has

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  a beautiful, lengthy hand out of a variety of different

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  ways to integrate quotes into your writing.

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  Okay, so we've got our brio down or whatever bread

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  you're working with with your sandwich for me, we're not

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  gonna go into the middle and my PB and J,

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  And this is the quote in M.

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  L. A format, and I'm gonna show you the standard

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  format in the main exception to it.

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  So the quote formula is pretty darn straightforward.

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  You just have to remember punctuation.

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  So you'll see, says the author argues Comma.

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  There's my signal phrase.

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  And if this was an actual paper, I would give

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  the author's name at the very least, authors last name.

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  Remember, we're not like, secretly best friends with the authors

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  of our text, so we do not refer to them

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  by first name.

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  In academics, we always use the last name.

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  Then we put quotation marks, and that might seem kind

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  of silly to point out.

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  After all, it's a quote.

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  But you would be surprised how many times people actually

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  forget the quotation marks.

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  They're necessary to show that word for word.

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  What follows is from the original source and not actually

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  something that we ourselves wrote then and parentheses.

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  We had the last name of the author.

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  Just the last name.

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  No first name the page number.

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  Close the parentheses in period two things I want to

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  point out because they often pop up.

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  You'll note that the thought isn't finished until you give

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  the citation at the end.

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  Which means you do not put the period to finish

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  the sentence until the closing parentheses.

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  There are exceptions to this.

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  If the original quote had some unusual punctuation, like a

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  question mark or exclamation point, you would include that within

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  the last quotation marks.

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  And then I also want to point out that between

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  the authors, last name and the page number, there is

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  no comma.

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  There is no PG.

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  So some of that is an old version of M

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  L A.

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  M L A.

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  Gets updated periodically.

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  And if your high school teacher didn't keep up to

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  date with it, you probably you might have learned an

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  old version.

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  We're gonna try Thio, get that one out of our

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  memory. But again.

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  And in that shell, this is the format you're going

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  to use the vast majority of the time So here's

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  an example.

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  As Evans described, comma quotation marks are clear signs that

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  the information that follows is from an outside source.

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  And please note again.

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  There's my last name.

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  Evans. The page number No PG, no comma.

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  And then period comes after the parentheses.

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  So if I were you, I would posit a lecture

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  and jot that down just so you have it in

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  your notes.

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  There are, however, exceptions to this.

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  Quite a few, actually.

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  I'm gonna show you the main exception if when you

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  type it up, you're quote is four lines in Emily

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  format or more, then you need to switch over to

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  block quote format, and it looks like this.

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  We have our signal phrase.

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  As the prominent Emily enthusiast Angie Evans says, In this

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  case, I'm using a colon.

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  You could still use a comma indent one inch on

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  the left side when block quoting Also note how this

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  quote doesn't have quotation marks, it also saves the page

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  number until after the final punctuation.

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  So just to reiterate, we're still double spacing.

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  And when we do when we're double spacing, it's gonna

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  be quite long.

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  So you Onley use quotes that air this long if

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  you have twice as much analysis as normal for that

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  particular quote.

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  If not, you should cut it down in the way

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  to do that is to put a lip sees that

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  dot dot dot punctuation wherever you took out information.

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  And this is fair game, so long as you don't

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  change the original meaning.

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  You will also note that we do not have those

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  quotation marks, and I know I just said how important

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  they are.

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  The reason is because that indentation on the left lets

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  us know that it's a quote.

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  If you put the quotation marks and then you went

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  on for five or more lines for more lines for

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  block quote.

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  But let's just say you went on for quite some

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  time. You actually lose track of who started saying what

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  it might seem as if the author of the paper

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  was the author of The Source.

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  And then just to be confusing, the punctuation comes before

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  the parentheses.

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  That one guys, I'm not sure why they did that.

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  There are other exceptions.

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  If you're trying to cite a poem, a song of

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  video, a source with more than one author or a

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  source without an author.

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  Goto Owl Purdue So O.

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  W. L and Purdue is spelled p u R D

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  u E and I'll leave the link on canvas those

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  air best dealt with as you need them.

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  They're not all common.

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  You're not all gonna do them this semester or just

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  ask me come by office hours shooting email, and I'll

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  explain how to do that.

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  These two, however, are the most common.

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  Okay, we have our first slice of bread.

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  We have our PB and J or whatever fixings you

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  want. Let's go ahead and see what we do for

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  our second slice of bread to close that sandwich up.

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  Now, Step three is analysis and note.

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  I said analysis, not commentary, because commentary is a bad

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  habit that some of us have from high school.

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  This is the most important ingredient in your quote sandwich,

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  because this is where you actually explain the relevance, the

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  connection to your thesis.

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  You have to break down the details, explain your reasoning,

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  and this is where we start in the Texas format.

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  The A section, which should be about half of the

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  paragraph Now for the quote sandwich, you're just signaling that

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  you're about to start it.

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  So let's go ahead and look at some templates to

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  help us do that.

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  You might say that here.

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  This illustrates when the author says specific word she highlights

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  the tone in this passage shows the essence of excess

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  argument is that now each of these is trying to

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  show that we have analyzed and are about to offer

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  an interpretation off.

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  That quote, we do not summarize.

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  Quote, unless you're quote is like some really intense philosophy

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  that you might actually need to translate for the reader

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  to understand, which is very rare.

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  Guys, Unless that's the case, there's no need to summarize

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  what they just read.

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  They got it.

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  They're literate.

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  They could read.

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  So instead, like where it says the tone in this

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  passage shows that send you up to Then give your

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  analysis your interpretation of the tone.

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  When it says when the author says quote unquote specific

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  words she highlights, it shows that we're gonna pick out

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  that detail from the quote and that Highlights says that

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  we're about to show our interpretation.

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  That's what we want.

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  We want to start analyzing you also note, even if

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  I take a specific word or phrase out of the

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  quote. It still goes in quotation marks because it's not

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  your word.

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  Okay, so let's look at an example real quick.

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  Frank Einstein, a prominent author and professor at U.

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  C. L.

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  A. Discusses the importance of culture and its relationship to

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  geography. In quote hometown heroes he states comma There once

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  was a man from Nantucket Stein 777 Basically, Stein is

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  stating that a man's birthplace is crucial to his dot,

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  Dot, dot that's an example.

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  Hood Lipsky's.

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  So here in the green, we have the author's name

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  in the light blue we have the brief establishment of

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  his credibility is known as in a positive.

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  If you're interested from in grammar, then we give the

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  title. Next, we have our quote in the standard format,

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  paying attention to punctuation, and then we signal in the

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  purple that we're going to start analyzing and this little

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  nugget of information it took us what 123 sentences fits

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  in as the ex section of your Texas style paragraph.

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  So, guys, as you practice this, you're gonna come up

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  with questions.

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  Just send me an email come by office hours Let's

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  sort this out together because in as individuals you're going

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  to come across a variety of interesting situations that one

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  little lecture can't capture.

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  So office hours, email.

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  I'll talk to you later.