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Through the Digestive System

By: Macie Rogers

MOUTH

The mouth is where mechanical digestion occurs, which consists of the teeth tearing apart the food to break it down.

STOP #1

ENZYME

Amylase, an enzyme found in saliva, breaks down the starches into monosacharrides and disaccarides.

ENZYME

ESOPHAGUS

This is where peristalsis occurs, a process where bolus is squeezed into the stomach, stretching the esophagus to create a wavelike contraction

STOP #2

STOMACH

A muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the esophagus through a muscular valve called the lower esophageal sphincter

STOP #3

HCI

In this stage of digestion, Gastrin, a hormone, produces an acidic chemical called HCI. HCI has multiple jobs such as killing off any harmful pathogens or bacteria you do not need in your body. Another being turning pepsinogen into pepsin that breaks polypeptides in order to make them smaller. This allows the ridges on the stomach to expand and contract in order to mix food and gastric juices.

MUCOUS

Mucous is an important factor in the digestion process because it coats the stomach to protect it from digesting itself with all of the gastric juices and acids.

MUCOUS

PYLORIC SPHINCTER

The pyloric sphincter is an opening from the stomach allowing flow to the small intestine

PYLORIC SPHINCTER

SMALL

INTESTINE

The small intestines secretes digestive enzymes and moves contents by peristalsis. The upper part of your small intestine is the duodenum. It's the widest part of your small intestine and also the shortest. It's about 10 inches long. When food moves into your duodenum, it mixes with digestive enzymes that your pancreas secretes. These enzymes break down the largest molecules of food, such as proteins and starches. They also neutralize stomach acid. Bile is a substance that breaks down the fats in foods. It also empties into your duodenum by the common bile duct. Some minerals are absorbed here, such as iron and folate.

The middle part of your small intestine is the jejunum. The jejunum absorbs most of your nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, minerals, proteins, and vitamins.

The lowest part of your small intestine is the ileum. This is where the final parts of digestive absorption take place. The ileum absorbs bile acids, fluid, and vitamin B-12. Finger-shaped structures called villi line the entire small intestine. They help absorb nutrients.

STOP #4

PANCREAS

The pancreas produces enzymes that help with digestion and send out hormones that control the amount of sugar in your bloodstream

PANCREAS

LIVER

The liver controls most chemical levels in the blood. It also secretes a clear yellow or orange fluid called bile. Bile helps to break down fats, preparing them for further digestion and absorption. All of the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver. The liver processes this blood and breaks down, balances, and creates nutrients for the body to use. It also breaks down (metabolizes) medicines in the blood into forms that are easier for the body to use.

GALLBLADDER

The gallbladder stores and contracts bile until it is needed for digestion.

GALLBLADDER

LARGE

INTESTINE

Before reaching the large intestine, chemical digestion is completed. In the large intestine is the colon, which reabsorbs water and inorganic salts, minerals and vitamins. Shortly after the large intestine is the anus, where the waste in our body is released.

STOP #5

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