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The Best Presentation You'll See in the Next Ten Minutes or So

by Jon Clever

Liver

The liver...

  • creates bile
  • detoxifies your blood
  • turns ammonia into urea
  • metabolizes nutrients

Liver cont.

Hepatic artery: delivers blood and oxygen from the heart

Hepatic portal vein: brings blood from body to be processed

Common bile duct: tube shared by liver and gallbladder, delivers bile to duodenum

Gallbladder: helps store bile

  • Functional unit of liver is "lobule"
  • Liver cells called "hepatocytes"
  • Blood goes into liver to be filtered
  • toxins hydrolyzed, sent to be excreted
  • Sugars can be stored as glycogen
  • when blood sugar is low glycogen is broken down and glucose released
  • Creates blood cells (eg. platelets > stop bleeding)
  • Secretes bile
  • hydrolyzes fats in duodenum so they can be absorbed
  • 2 ammonia + carbon dioxide form urea

Cirrhosis

This disease affects the liver

Cirrhosis

  • Cirrhosis is the damage of liver cells and their subsequent replacement by scar tissue
  • technically end stage of liver damage
  • Usually caused build up of either fats or acetaldehyde (acetaldehyde = toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism)

Lobule

Bile duct: transports bile

Hepatic vein: brings blood from body

Hepatic artery: supplies liver with nutrients

Sinusoid: space between hepatocytes

Kupffer cell: breaks down toxins into bile

Stages

Treatment

Initial Liver Disease (Stage 1): inflammation of liver cells, left untreated can cause liver damage, is treatable

Fibrosis (Stage 2): scar tissue forms and begins blocking blood flow, through treatment can heal normally

Cirrhosis (Stage 3): tissue scaring is now permanent, focus on managing symptoms and preventing liver failure

Liver failure (Stage 4): all normal liver functions cease, immediate medical attention and liver transplant required, can lead to death

What it does

  • When large amounts of alcohol are consumed, large amounts of a toxic byproduct (acetaldehyde) accumulate in the liver
  • causes damage to liver cells
  • Alcohol metabolism also stimulates fatty acid production
  • fat build up can swell and inflame liver cells
  • also blocks flow of blood into liver, so blood doesn't get filtered
  • Portal hypertension (high pressure in portal vein) can divert blood from liver and cause it to accumulate in other organs
  • Early stages: improved diet, abstain from alcohol, Alcohol recovery programs may be necessary
  • Allow liver to recover (75% of liver can be destroyed and it still works)
  • Actual Cirrhosis: medications (steroids and antivirals)to help deal with liver complications
  • In case of liver failure, transplant may be necessary to regain a healthy liver

Symptoms

  • Build up of fluid in the abdomen
  • Bleeding from veins in the esophagus or stomach
  • Enlarged spleen
  • Kidney failure
  • Liver failure
  • Yellow skin
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