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The Fantasmagorical Super Cool Amazing Tour of the Human Digestive System!

Now we're heading down the lower esophageal sphincter, theopening into the stomach from the esophagus

FIRST... we'll

enter through

the mouth

Next,

we're off to the ESOPHOGUS!

The mouth will be a super fun adventure but, make sure you look out for those pearly white chompers! You don't want to get pulverized to a pulp! Make sure you stay in the submarine and never leave your tour guide's side.

In the mouth....

The teeth tear apart the food and physically break it down. The Amylase enzyme is in the saliva and breaks down starches into monosaccharides and disaccarides. The salivary glands are what releases the amylase that break down starches!

In the esophogus, a process called peristalsis squeezes the bolus down into the stomach. The bolus stretches the esophogus in rhythmic, wave-like contractions of the smooth muscle, moving US and the FOOD down!

Welcome to...

The Fantasmagorical Super Cool

Amazing

Tour of the

Human Digestive

System!

Thanks for joining us on The Fasmagorical Super Cool Amazing Tour of the Human Digestive Sytem!

NOW, off to the lower

esophageal sphincter

Next, we're

headed

to the

STOMACH

Now, we're in the stomach! HCl, an acidic chemical, kills harmful pathogens and other bacteria you don't want in your body! The hormone Gastrin causes HCl to be produced. The HCl turns pepsinogen into pepsin which breaks polypeptides into smaller polypeptides, ridges on the stomach allow it to expand and contract, stomach muscles contract to mix food and gastric juices. Water, specific vitamins, some medications and alcohol are absorbed in the stomach. There's also this awesome mucous that protects the stomach from eating itself. We've coated the sub with the same stuff so we don't get mistaken for food. HCl takes NO prisoners.

NOW

and now we're nearing

the end...

Here we are in the PYLORIC SPHINCTER! This is just an opening from the stomach to the small intestine

Sphincter

Phyloric

YAY!

And now we've reached the end of our tour, the anus. This is the only other part of digestion that is voluntary! This is the point where waste from digestion is let out of the body and so are we! OH and fun fact for the end of our tour, the fecal matter we're being released with has a brownish tinge because blood cells that are no longer of use to the body are also released.. COOL!

We will be taking this tour in the super fantasmic yellow submarine (:

LARGE

The

Intestine

And we're off to the

SMALL INTESTINE

Now, we're chilling out in the small intestine, Actually, the small intestine does a whole lot of work for the digestive system. The small intestine secretes digestive enzymes and moves contents by peristalsis, Villi are the folding of the small intestine – capillaries and lacteals transport nutrients to body cells and blood, Prosecretin is changed to secretin through HCl, the most digestion happens within the duodenum, secretin goes from the small intestine to the pancreas which then releases bicarbonate into the small intestine which raises the pH from 2.5 to nine and then the pepsin is deactivated. The pancreas also releases trypsinogen which goes to the small intestine, then enterokionase converts it into trypsin which breaks polypeptides into smaller polypeptides. Erepsins convert polypeptides into amino acids. Amylase converts carbs into disaccharides which the small intestine then puts into the blood. Lipases and Phospholipase break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol and phosphates if it is a phospholipid. The liver secretes bile into the small intestine which then emulsifies fats. The liver also converts glycogen into glucose and vice versa. Almost all absorption occurs in the small intestine. The small intestine also includes the many folds of the villi and mircovilli. The villi create a larger surface area for nutrients to be absorbed. Every villus has a capillary and a lacteal which transport monosaccharides and amino acids into the blood. Be sure to hold on tight during this portion of the tour because of all those twists and turns in the small intestine!

Now, we're out of the small intestine, we're in another intestine, the LARGE intestine! Chemical digestion is completed before the food reaches the large intestine. The colon is the largest part of the large intestine and reabsorbs water and some inorganic salts, minerals and vitamins and has E. coli bacteria. Cellulose cannot be broken down by humans and it helps build up waste for bowel movements

Pancreas

Food does NOT go through here, but the pancreas is essential to digestion. We'll discuss some of the purposes of the pancreas as we go through the SMALL INTESTINE!

The liver and gallbladder are essential parts of the awesome digestive system! The liver continually makes bile - which contains bile salts that break down fats. Fats in the duodenum from the small intestine meeting with cholecystokinin (CCK hormone) in the blood the gallbladder then realeases bile salts back into the small intestine, emulsifying fat. This increases surface area in turn.

liver and gallbladder

The liver stores vitamins A, B12, and D. It detoxifies alcohol and nitrogen in a.a.s. Glycogen and glucose are changed interchangably here. Glycogen is also stored here in the liver :).

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