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Mass Production

Most important effect:

birth of a single national culture

Most important causes of consumerism?

1. Advertisements

Mass Media

The WAY advertisers sold their product

to consumers changed.

any medium that transmits information on a large scale, such as newspaper, film, or radio

What methods do the following advertisements use to convince consumers to purchase their products?

NEWSPAPERS & MAGAZINES

  • double in number and circulation
  • number of papers sold a day up 141%
  • magazines for hobbies, gossip, etc. developed
  • people read same events, see same advertisements

2. Creation of credit

  • installment plans = buy now, pay later
  • pay small fee every month until paid off cost of item
  • Problems?

RADIO

  • first commercial radio station: Pittsburgh’s KDKA in 1920
  • by 1922, were over 500 radio stations
  • by 1929, 2/3 of radio air time is jazz
  • all of the country can listen to the same

programming, sports, religious

services and ads

FILM

  • from silent movies to "talkies"
  • synchronized sound
  • The Jazz Singer = first movie with synchronized sound

Consumerism

buybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuybuy

preoccupation of society with the acquisition of goods

  • too much is never enough!
  • more, bigger, better!

Movie Industry

  • by 1929, sell 80 million tickets a week (only 130 mil people in U.S.!)

  • Hollywood becomes center of movie industry (4th biggest in U.S.)
  • Paramount, MGM
  • beginning of celebrity culture

Mass production makes many items cheaper for middle and lower class families.

Including...

  • washing machines
  • radios
  • refrigerators
  • vacuum cleaners
  • "time saving

devices"

Henry Ford

  • In 1914, Ford began paying his employees $5 a day

  • cut the workday from nine to eight hours in order

  • "three-shift workday"
  • from Dearborn, Michigan
  • perfected idea of assembly line & division of labor
  • created Model T - cost

under $300

  • could produce new

Model T every 24 seconds

  • by 1927, built 15 mil. cars
  • when a factory makes a product in large numbers, rather than one-by-one
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