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United States v Nixon

(1974)

Principles:

Limits on presidential power

Summary:

New Jersey v T.L.O.

(1985)

President Nixon was impeached for the Watergate scandal, which disallowed any evidence from being withheld by the president.

Principles:

4th amendment

Summary:

The vice-principal of a school searched a students bag and found evidence that she was dealing marijuana. She was taken to court and argued that her 4th amendment rights had been violated. The court ruled that school officials do not need to obtain a warrant before searching a student who is under their authority.

Roe v Wade

(1973)

Right to privacy

Principles:

Summary:

Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier

(1988)

Principles:

1st amendment

Regents of U of California v Bakke

(1978)

Summary:

Civil rights

Principles:

The outcome was a continuation of the recognition of a constitutional right of privacy for a woman to determine whether to terminate a pregnancy.

Texas v Johnson

(1989)

Summary:

Kulmeier argued that his first amendment rights had been violated when the school officials edited out part of his article. The court ruled that when it came to school related activities, their first amendment rights may be abridged by the curriculum within which they are working.

1st amendment

Principles:

Bakke applied to UC Davis' Medical School and got rejected. He sued the university for reverse discrimination because he had better test scores than admitted non-white students. The court ruled that the UC's could not use a racial quota system, but could make diversity a factor in admission decisions.

Summary:

The court ruled that flag burning is a protected form of symbolic speech.

Tinker v Des Moines

(1969)

1st amendment

Principles:

Summary:

The court ruled that wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam war was protected as symbolic speech.

Landmark

Principles:

Marbury v Madison

(1803)

Summary:

Judicial Review, Federalism

Midnight appointment of Judges. Marbury wanted appointment, but Supreme Court argued that Judiciary Act was Unconstitutional. Supreme Court established principle of Judicial Review.

Supreme Court Cases

Miranda v Arizona

(1966)

Principles:

5th amendment, reading of rights, self-incrimination

By: Jessica Ramirez

Summary:

The court ruled that suspects in custody have certain rights and that they must be informed of those rights. (Miranda rights)

McCullough v Maryland

(1819)

Principles:

Summary:

Elastic Clause, Supremacy Clause

Maryland imposed a tax on the Second Banks Baltimore branch in an attempt to put that branch out of business. The Supreme Court struck down Maryland's tax on the bank because the US government has the implied power to set up a bank.

Gideon v Wainwright

(1963)

Principles:

6th, right to an attorney

Summary:

The court ruled that in state trials, those who cannot afford an attorney will have one provided by the state, overturning Betts v Brady

Dred Scott v sandford

(1857)

Civil rights

Principles:

Gibbons v. Ogden

(1824)

Summary:

Brown v Board of Education

(1954)

Principles:

Commerce Clause

Civil Rights

The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens of the United States. Therefore, they were not able to attain the rights and privileges of citizenship. It also ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

Summary:

The Supreme court ruled that the segregation of races in public schools violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. Which overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Furguson.

Principles:

Summary:

Ogden sued Gibbons because he began to operate boats between New York and New Jersey as well without New York's permission.

Ultimately, Marshall said that the power to regulate interstate commerce was an exclusive national power.

Korematsu v United

(1944)

Mapp v Ohio

(1961)

Civil rights, 5th, 6th, 14th amendment

4th amendment, fruit of the poisonous tree

The court ruled that evidence obtained without a search warrant was excluded from trial in state courts.

Fred Korematsu was arrested and convicted when he refused to report to a relocation camp for Japanese Americans. He went on to challenge the constitutionality of the order at court and lost. The court claimed that the interment was a military necessity.

Principles:

Summary:

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