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JUST
just
sayin'
in the analysis of stancetaking
Interactive
Harre & van Langenhove 1999
Dynamic
Speakers could be more accurately said to make a stance bid, which can be affirmed or not by other speakers
Positioning
in the analysis of stancetaking
“discursive process whereby people are located in conversations as observably and subjectively coherent participants in jointly produced storylines”
Stances are constantly reaffirmed or shifted as a conversation unfolds
Goffman 1981
Footing
Example 2
Martin & White 2007
Addressee
Ratified participant
Unratfied overhearer
Eavesdropper
Production Format
Participation Framework
Appraisal
Author
Animator
Principle
Properties
judgement
Example 1
attitude
affect
Stivers 2008
Stance creates relationships of speaker to some discursive figure
appreciation
affect
Alignment
engagement
graduation
Alignment is achieved when interactants are cooperative in the project of creating an interaction
investment
Compositional
RELATED
WHAT IS IT?
No one linguistic feature (or non-linguistic look, gesture, etc. by itself creates a stance
Goodwin and Goodwin 1987
It's like a stew
Assessment
“assesments reveal not just neutral objects in the world, but an alignment taken up toward a pheonomena by a particular actor.”
Epistemic
Stance
how a speaker signals their relationship towards the talk they are producing
senses of just
precisely
fair
absolutely
This discursive figure can be an interlocutor, a figure represented in the discourse, the animator, ideas represented in the discourse, or other texts.
exactly at this moment
merely
equitable
only a moment ago
good
Example 3
legally right
Interpersonal
Stance
an emotional stance in which the discourse figure is liked or disliked, or authority or solidarity are signaled
alignment
STANCE
Affect, alignment
and investment in the
analysis of stancetaking
"I'm just sayin' "
Affect
Speaker indicates they are merely the animator
the polarity or quality of the stance, encompassing assessment
Alignment
Trivializes investment
Year
e.g. Ochs 1992 "Indexing Gender"
how a speaker aligns or disaligns to an interlocutor (both epistemically and interactionally)
Identity
(1) I know it's a long handout. It's so long because I put in all of the examples I could think of. I'm just saying.
(2) There's a lot of noise in New York. Not that it's a problem for me. I'm just saying.
Linguistic Forms
Style
AXES
Stance
GOOD
FOR
Variation, Discourse, Lexis
cool solidarity
Investment
masculinity
surfer, slacker
DUDE
Epistemic modality – how strongly invested in the talk the speaker is
Would they defend their claims and opinions to the death?