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Formative assessment tools
help form a picture of the student; they provide feedback on a student's progress towards goals; they are typically associated with informal assessment procedures, but student progress can easily be assessed in a formal test
Summative assessment tools
summarise learning; they measure students against a standard; summative assessments are not designed to provide feedback to the student; summative assessments are associated with high-stakes exams, such as High School leaving exams, IELTS, SATs, GCSEs etc., but they may also be implemented at a more local level, such as an end of course exam
A reliable assessment will produce exactly the same result under exactly the same conditions
A valid assessment will produce an accurate measure of the real-world conditions that the test represents
Washback:
The effect that the test has on a course; derived
from the collision between the forward
momentum of the teaching objectives with the
backward momentum of the test objectives
The content of the test
accurately reflects the
content of the course
The results of the test
accurately predict future performance in the construct that the
assessment measures
Reliability
Look for the terms "authentic," "alternative," "direct" or "performance" assessment in your field
Here are just a few suggestions:
http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED381984.pdf
http://crln.acrl.org/content/65/10/586.full.pdf+html
http://jfmueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/toolbox/
http://jolt.merlot.org/documents/vol1_no1_mueller_001.pdf
http://teacher.scholastic.com/professional/assessment/perfassess.htm
http://performanceassessment. org/
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6226-1_6
DOI: 10.1007/s10671-008-9050-5
DOI: 10.1080/02602930701773067
Any questions that will help you with the next step in today's process: preparing your own performance / alternative / direct / authentic assessment items
Validity
Formative
Summative
Assessment Design Options:
A course with outcomes that engage students in learning at different levels of thinking and that are assessed by a range of relevant, motivating, reliable and valid instruments