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Land Preservation Laws

prompted the establishment

of a variety of

national Parks throughout

the United States.

Wild Life Conservation laws prevented

the extinction of number animals

such as the giant panda and the buffalo.

These animals had to be breed in

captivity in order to replenish their

population before releasing

them back into wild.

Cousteau's book dedicated to stop harmful whaling

Results of the Wild Life and Land Conservation laws:

Energy, fuel, oil and gas companies

became obligated to explore

different sustainable means

of producing energy.

Earth Hour

Marine Stewardship

Council

Effects of DDT

DDT has harmful effects on every living organism within out food chain.

A study from Duke University claims, “DDT can kill organisms by interfering with the plasma membrane.”

See Link: http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/pest/effects.html

Regulation

What is DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane)?

An agricultural/commercial/residential pesticide created control insect on livestock and crops as well as to eliminate diseases such as malaria and typhus.

See Link: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/chemicals/ddt-brief-history-status.htm

Tule Valley, Utah:

BLM Land home to wild mustangs

Today, the BLM regulates hunting, fishing, logging, mining, and off-road traffic on public lands to name just a few. These measures allow the public to fully utilize federal lands, but helps to keep things in check.

Programs

Why Land Preservation?

http://readtiger.com/wkp/en/Feral_horse

The WWF has many specialized programs relating to conservation and sustainable practices including: The Marine Stewardship Council, Debt-For-Nature Swap, and Earth Hour.

Beyond Oil

Debt-For-Nature Swap

McInnis Canyons National Conservation Area

http://content.sierraclub.org/beyondoil/

The Debt-For-Nature Swap works with developing countries to relieve some of their debt in exchange for the country's participation in conservation programs and sustainable practices.

http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article5064.html

Beyond Natural Gas

http://content.sierraclub.org/naturalgas/

Bureau of Land Management

This 123,400 acre conservation area promotes public use, but monitors the health of the environment and maintains a steady level by restricting some activities.

Jacques Yves Cousteau

The BLM was founded in 1946 as a measure to regulate the gathering of US resources on public land, and to preserve public lands with a focus on environmental protection. Early US public lands were designed to promote Westward expansion, but by the early 1900s, the creation of the first national parks showed a shift toward conservation.

Initiatives

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mattmcgrath/3529910968/

http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en.html

World Wildlife Fund

The Sierra Club has several initiatives that are working to move America toward sustainable energy sources to reduce our dependance on foreign production and environmental degradation.

What Should We Consider?

Scientist disregard for the repercussion of spraying DDT on and around people makes one question:

Are modern day cancers, especially within the baby boomer population, a result of DDT exposure?

See Link: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn1012-ddt-finally-linked-to-human-health-problems.html#.Uie7E9JJOAg

Mission: "To halt and reverse the destruction of our environment."

www.sodahead.com

Preservation Acts:

Animal Species and Land Protection

The WWF is currently working to restore the populations of 36 endangered species that are important to keeping ecosystems balanced. They are also working to restore a natural ecological footprint in areas like carbon emissions, farming, and forestry practices.

Beyond Coal

http://content.sierraclub.org/coal/

http://worldwildlife.org/

EDN PROGRAM:

YASUNI NATIONAL PARK

Established in 1979 and declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1989, the Yasuni National Park covers an area of 962,000 hectares in the basin of the upper Napo River in the western Amazon region. There are at least 2,274 species of trees and shrubs, and in a single hectare have been found up to 655 species; this is more than the total number of tree species in the United States, Canada and Mexico combined. - See more at: http://www.earthday.org/campaign/save-yasuni-national-park#sthash.GFkgligA.dpuf

EARTH DAY NETWORK (EDN)

MISSION:"Our mission is to broaden and diversify the environmental movement worldwide, and to mobilize it as the most effective vehicle for promoting a healthy, sustainable environment. We pursue our mission through a combination of education, public policy, and consumer activism campaigns."

http://www.zmescience.com/ecology/environmental-issues/nuclear-plant-21032011/

EARTH DAY NETWORK (EDN)

The Earth Day Network is an organization founded by those who held the first Earth Day in 1970. It promotes environmental citizenship and worldwide environmental action and awareness. The Earth Day Network is rooted in the belief that all people have a right to a healthy and sustainable environment.

Earth Day Effects on Animal Species

Sierra Club

http://www.hulu.com/watch/67661#i0,p0,d1

Mission: "To explore, enjoy, and protect the wild places of the earth; To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources; To educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use all lawful means to carry out these objectives."

Humane Society of the United States

"If A Tree Falls:

A Story of the Earth Liberation Front"

A documentary about eco-terrorism

Earth Day

April 22, 1970

http://www.hulu.com/watch/67649

The Sierra Club was founded in 1892, and is one of the oldest environmental conservation organizations in the US. Today, the Sierra Club does extensive political lobbying on key environmental issues in the United States.

The History of Wildlife Conservation and Research in the United States – and

Implications for the Future

http://cnr.ncsu.edu/fer/directory/documents/Article-HistoryofWildlifeResearch.pdf

http://www.sierraclub.org/

EARTH DAY 2013

New York City Killer Smog

1953- 170-260 Dead

1963- 200 Dead

1966- 169 Dead

Films on Modern Day Environmental Activist:

Films on Eco-Terrorist Organizations

Smog - Smoke or other atmospheric

pollutants combined with fog in an unhealthy

or irritating mixture.

Definition according to

Dictionary.Reference.com

"Just Do It "

A film about the modern day environmental movement

"Confessions

of an Eco-Terrorist"

A documentary about whaling practices

"Gasland"

A documentary about hydrofracking

“Water and air, the two essential fluids on which all life depends, have become global garbage cans.”

— Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997)

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Federal Historic Preservation Laws

The Official Compilation of U.S. Cultural Heritage Statutes: 2006

The EPA declared in 2006

"that 68 out of every million New Yorkers is at risk for getting cancer just from breathing the air.”

See Link: http://gothamist.com/2009/11/24/smog.php#photo-1

Historic Preservation Laws --

At A Glance

http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/fhpl/contents.htm

Protection Acts

Federal Laws

The Antiquities Act of 1906 provides for the protection of historic, prehistoric, and scientific features located on federal lands. It authorizes the President to designate as National Monuments historic and natural resources of national significance located on federally owned or controlled land. The Secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture and Defense are authorized to issue permits for archaeological investigations on lands under their control to recognized educational and scientific institutions for the purpose of systematically and professionally gathering data of scientific value.

http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/anti1906.htm

The National Park Service Act of 1916 establishes the National Park Service to manage our nation's parks and to "conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such a manner and by such a means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."

http://www.nps.gov/legacy/organic-act.htm

The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended establishes a program for the preservation of historic properties throughout the United States. It created the National Register of Historic Places, State Historic Preservation Offices and the Section 106 Review Process.

http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/FHPL_HistPrsrvt.pdf

The Historic Sites Act of 1935 establishes as a national policy to preservation for public use of historic sites, buildings and objects. This act led to the eventual establishment within the National Park Service of the Historic Sites Survey, the Historic American Building Survey (HABS), the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), and the National Historic Landmarks Program.

http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/FHPL_HistSites.pdf

The Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960 provides for the recovery and preservation of "historical and archaeological data (including relics and specimens)" that might be lost or destroyed in the construction of dams and reservoirs.

http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/fhpl_archhistpres.pdf

The Department of Transportation Act of 1966, Section 4(f) states that the Secretary of Transportation shall cooperate and consult with the Secretaries of the Interior, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, and with the States in developing transportation plans and programs that include measures to maintain or enhance the natural beauty of the lands traversed. The Secretary of Transportation shall not approve any program or project that requires the use of land from a public park, recreation area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or historic site unless there is no feasible and prudent alternative.

http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/fhpl_dotact.pdf

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 declares that it is a federal policy to "preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage. It requires federal agencies to use a systematic and interdisciplinary approach that incorporates the natural and social sciences in any planning and decisionmaking that may impact our environment.

Land Conservation Law

(Signed By Obama in 2009)

http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/preslaws.html

  • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act - provides for federal regulation of pesticide distribution, sale, and use.
  • National Environmental Policy Act - to assure that all branches of government give proper consideration to the environment prior to undertaking any major federal action that significantly affects the environment.
  • Clean Air Act - comprehensive federal law that regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources.
  • Clean Water Act - establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters.
  • Protects more than 2 million acres as wilderness
  • Creating a new national system to conserve land held by the Bureau of Land Management. (http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en.html)
  • Authorizes the 1st coordinated federal research program to investigate ocean acidification.
  • Additional funding to protect ecologically-valuable coastal areas and estuaries.
  • 26-million acre National Landscape Conservation System, which aims to protect the most environmentally and historically-significant lands controlled by the BLM
  • Encompasses 850 sites

Land Protection Laws

Through out the United States there are thousand of protected land and marine environments. Though there are federal laws that protect land most are protected under individual state laws, acts, and organizations.

http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2009/03/30/obama_signs_major_land_conserv.html

Cousteau's Organizations:

http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations

For a detailed listing of specific area and regions check out: http://protectedplanet.net/

  • The Cousteau Society
  • Equipe Cousteau

http://www.cousteau.org/

Agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

The Cousteau Society:

Equipe Cousteau

Conservation organization working to protect our nation’s shared wild lands

The Wilderness Society has been the leading organization protecting our nation’s shared public lands since 1935. Through our conservation and public engagement efforts, we work to preserve our nation’s rich natural legacy for future generations.

Founded in 1973 by Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau, the Society has more than 50,000 members worldwide. Under the leadership of President Francine Cousteau, the Society continues the unique explorations and observations of ecosystems throughout the world that have helped millions of people understand and appreciate the fragility of life on our Water Planet. Half a century of protecting water systems has expanded to embrace a wide variety of programs to encourage communities to achieve sustainable harmony with Nature as the Cousteau Label program.

Headquartered in Hampton, Virginia, the Society welcomes members and visitors to its gallery of photos and artefacts from a half-century of expeditions. A membership-supported, not-for-profit environmental education organization, the Society is dedicated to the protection and improvement of the quality of life for present and future generations.

Equipe Cousteau, a sister organization to the Cousteau Society, was founded by Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau in France as Fondation Cousteau in 1982. The name was changed to Equipe Cousteau in 1992 to reflect its membership-based advocacy. Sharing the goals and resources of the US-based Cousteau Society, headquartered in Paris, Equipe Cousteau has allowed the Cousteau mission to strengthen its status as an international effort to protect and improve the quality of life for present and future generations.

See More at: http://wilderness.org/

See more at: http://wilderness.org/article/mission-and-impact#sthash.c1Cw2Hxo.dpuf

The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends.

  • Protected more than 119 million acres of land and thousands of miles of rivers worldwide
  • Operate more than 100 marine conservation projects globally.
  • Work in all 50 states and more than 35 countries — protecting habitats from grasslands to coral reefs, from Australia to Alaska to Zambia. See where we work.
  • Address threats to conservation involving climate change, fresh water, oceans, and conservation lands. Learn how we're responding.

http://www.nature.org/

CALYPSO II

CALYPSO

AlCYONE

http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/alcyone

http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/calypso-history

http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/calypso2

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