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Land Preservation Laws
prompted the establishment
of a variety of
national Parks throughout
the United States.
Wild Life Conservation laws prevented
the extinction of number animals
such as the giant panda and the buffalo.
These animals had to be breed in
captivity in order to replenish their
population before releasing
them back into wild.
Results of the Wild Life and Land Conservation laws:
Energy, fuel, oil and gas companies
became obligated to explore
different sustainable means
of producing energy.
Effects of DDT
DDT has harmful effects on every living organism within out food chain.
A study from Duke University claims, “DDT can kill organisms by interfering with the plasma membrane.”
See Link: http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/pest/effects.html
What is DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane)?
An agricultural/commercial/residential pesticide created control insect on livestock and crops as well as to eliminate diseases such as malaria and typhus.
See Link: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/chemicals/ddt-brief-history-status.htm
Today, the BLM regulates hunting, fishing, logging, mining, and off-road traffic on public lands to name just a few. These measures allow the public to fully utilize federal lands, but helps to keep things in check.
The WWF has many specialized programs relating to conservation and sustainable practices including: The Marine Stewardship Council, Debt-For-Nature Swap, and Earth Hour.
The Debt-For-Nature Swap works with developing countries to relieve some of their debt in exchange for the country's participation in conservation programs and sustainable practices.
This 123,400 acre conservation area promotes public use, but monitors the health of the environment and maintains a steady level by restricting some activities.
Jacques Yves Cousteau
The BLM was founded in 1946 as a measure to regulate the gathering of US resources on public land, and to preserve public lands with a focus on environmental protection. Early US public lands were designed to promote Westward expansion, but by the early 1900s, the creation of the first national parks showed a shift toward conservation.
The Sierra Club has several initiatives that are working to move America toward sustainable energy sources to reduce our dependance on foreign production and environmental degradation.
What Should We Consider?
Scientist disregard for the repercussion of spraying DDT on and around people makes one question:
Are modern day cancers, especially within the baby boomer population, a result of DDT exposure?
See Link: http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn1012-ddt-finally-linked-to-human-health-problems.html#.Uie7E9JJOAg
The WWF is currently working to restore the populations of 36 endangered species that are important to keeping ecosystems balanced. They are also working to restore a natural ecological footprint in areas like carbon emissions, farming, and forestry practices.
EDN PROGRAM:
YASUNI NATIONAL PARK
Established in 1979 and declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1989, the Yasuni National Park covers an area of 962,000 hectares in the basin of the upper Napo River in the western Amazon region. There are at least 2,274 species of trees and shrubs, and in a single hectare have been found up to 655 species; this is more than the total number of tree species in the United States, Canada and Mexico combined. - See more at: http://www.earthday.org/campaign/save-yasuni-national-park#sthash.GFkgligA.dpuf
EARTH DAY NETWORK (EDN)
MISSION:"Our mission is to broaden and diversify the environmental movement worldwide, and to mobilize it as the most effective vehicle for promoting a healthy, sustainable environment. We pursue our mission through a combination of education, public policy, and consumer activism campaigns."
EARTH DAY NETWORK (EDN)
The Earth Day Network is an organization founded by those who held the first Earth Day in 1970. It promotes environmental citizenship and worldwide environmental action and awareness. The Earth Day Network is rooted in the belief that all people have a right to a healthy and sustainable environment.
Earth Day Effects on Animal Species
http://www.hulu.com/watch/67661#i0,p0,d1
"If A Tree Falls:
A Story of the Earth Liberation Front"
A documentary about eco-terrorism
http://www.hulu.com/watch/67649
The Sierra Club was founded in 1892, and is one of the oldest environmental conservation organizations in the US. Today, the Sierra Club does extensive political lobbying on key environmental issues in the United States.
http://cnr.ncsu.edu/fer/directory/documents/Article-HistoryofWildlifeResearch.pdf
EARTH DAY 2013
New York City Killer Smog
1953- 170-260 Dead
1963- 200 Dead
1966- 169 Dead
Films on Modern Day Environmental Activist:
Films on Eco-Terrorist Organizations
Smog - Smoke or other atmospheric
pollutants combined with fog in an unhealthy
or irritating mixture.
Definition according to
Dictionary.Reference.com
"Just Do It "
A film about the modern day environmental movement
"Confessions
of an Eco-Terrorist"
A documentary about whaling practices
"Gasland"
A documentary about hydrofracking
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
Federal Historic Preservation Laws
The Official Compilation of U.S. Cultural Heritage Statutes: 2006
The EPA declared in 2006
"that 68 out of every million New Yorkers is at risk for getting cancer just from breathing the air.”
See Link: http://gothamist.com/2009/11/24/smog.php#photo-1
Historic Preservation Laws --
At A Glance
http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/fhpl/contents.htm
Protection Acts
Federal Laws
The Antiquities Act of 1906 provides for the protection of historic, prehistoric, and scientific features located on federal lands. It authorizes the President to designate as National Monuments historic and natural resources of national significance located on federally owned or controlled land. The Secretaries of the Interior, Agriculture and Defense are authorized to issue permits for archaeological investigations on lands under their control to recognized educational and scientific institutions for the purpose of systematically and professionally gathering data of scientific value.
http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/anti1906.htm
The National Park Service Act of 1916 establishes the National Park Service to manage our nation's parks and to "conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such a manner and by such a means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."
http://www.nps.gov/legacy/organic-act.htm
The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended establishes a program for the preservation of historic properties throughout the United States. It created the National Register of Historic Places, State Historic Preservation Offices and the Section 106 Review Process.
http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/FHPL_HistPrsrvt.pdf
The Historic Sites Act of 1935 establishes as a national policy to preservation for public use of historic sites, buildings and objects. This act led to the eventual establishment within the National Park Service of the Historic Sites Survey, the Historic American Building Survey (HABS), the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), and the National Historic Landmarks Program.
http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/FHPL_HistSites.pdf
The Reservoir Salvage Act of 1960 provides for the recovery and preservation of "historical and archaeological data (including relics and specimens)" that might be lost or destroyed in the construction of dams and reservoirs.
http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/fhpl_archhistpres.pdf
The Department of Transportation Act of 1966, Section 4(f) states that the Secretary of Transportation shall cooperate and consult with the Secretaries of the Interior, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, and with the States in developing transportation plans and programs that include measures to maintain or enhance the natural beauty of the lands traversed. The Secretary of Transportation shall not approve any program or project that requires the use of land from a public park, recreation area, wildlife and waterfowl refuge, or historic site unless there is no feasible and prudent alternative.
http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/fhpl_dotact.pdf
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 declares that it is a federal policy to "preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage. It requires federal agencies to use a systematic and interdisciplinary approach that incorporates the natural and social sciences in any planning and decisionmaking that may impact our environment.
Land Conservation Law
(Signed By Obama in 2009)
http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/preslaws.html
Land Protection Laws
Through out the United States there are thousand of protected land and marine environments. Though there are federal laws that protect land most are protected under individual state laws, acts, and organizations.
http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2009/03/30/obama_signs_major_land_conserv.html
Cousteau's Organizations:
http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations
For a detailed listing of specific area and regions check out: http://protectedplanet.net/
http://www.cousteau.org/
Agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.
The Cousteau Society:
Equipe Cousteau
Conservation organization working to protect our nation’s shared wild lands
The Wilderness Society has been the leading organization protecting our nation’s shared public lands since 1935. Through our conservation and public engagement efforts, we work to preserve our nation’s rich natural legacy for future generations.
Founded in 1973 by Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau, the Society has more than 50,000 members worldwide. Under the leadership of President Francine Cousteau, the Society continues the unique explorations and observations of ecosystems throughout the world that have helped millions of people understand and appreciate the fragility of life on our Water Planet. Half a century of protecting water systems has expanded to embrace a wide variety of programs to encourage communities to achieve sustainable harmony with Nature as the Cousteau Label program.
Headquartered in Hampton, Virginia, the Society welcomes members and visitors to its gallery of photos and artefacts from a half-century of expeditions. A membership-supported, not-for-profit environmental education organization, the Society is dedicated to the protection and improvement of the quality of life for present and future generations.
Equipe Cousteau, a sister organization to the Cousteau Society, was founded by Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau in France as Fondation Cousteau in 1982. The name was changed to Equipe Cousteau in 1992 to reflect its membership-based advocacy. Sharing the goals and resources of the US-based Cousteau Society, headquartered in Paris, Equipe Cousteau has allowed the Cousteau mission to strengthen its status as an international effort to protect and improve the quality of life for present and future generations.
See More at: http://wilderness.org/
See more at: http://wilderness.org/article/mission-and-impact#sthash.c1Cw2Hxo.dpuf
The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends.
http://www.nature.org/
CALYPSO II
CALYPSO
AlCYONE
http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/alcyone
http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/calypso-history
http://www.cousteau.org/about-us/calypso2