ESL 505 Citation Styles

APA Citation: In-Text and Reference List

Reference List

Highmore, B. (2001). Everyday life and cultural theory. New York, NY: Routledge.

Includes:

• Last Name, First Initial
• Title
• Year
• Location
• Publisher

Author name should be in alphabetical order.

Adapted from Hacker, D. (2009). Rules for Writers. Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s.

Types of Citation

In-Text Citation

So far, we have talked about how to cite sources with:

• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
• Quotes

These are use in-text citation.

You also need end-of-text citation or a reference list.

"As researchers Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) have explained, obesity was once considered “either a moral failing or evidence of underlying psychopathology” (p.592)."

Every in-text citation needs:

• Author
• Year
• Page number
• Reporting verb

These must be here regardless of whether you are writing a paraphrase, quote, or summary.

In APA Style, you put a page number when you use a quotation.

Adapted from Hacker, D. (2009). Rules for Writers. Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s.

In sum

• APA is one system for citing your sources. Use the basic rules as building blocks.

Citation Styles

There are many citation styles. For the purposes of this class we will use APA (American Psychological Association) style. Other styles include:

• Chicago
• MLA
• American Chemistry
• Turbian

All styles are a way of referencing and citing your sources. The format is just slightly different.

Note: Business writing citation style varies! See Business Citation Styles handout.