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Awa (Guaja)

Globalization

Current Issues of Globalization

Family

It is believe that the Awa exhibit a Dravidian type of kinship system.

Tribe Chief:

The Awa tribe chief is an elder women in the society. She wears a monkey on her head to show her status with in the tribe. The tribe cheif resides in a central hut in the middle of theh Awa settlement. With in the hut, twelve baby monkey share her home, signaling the significance of the monkey to the Awa Culture. The tribe cheif's duties vary from arranging marriages with in the tribe to delivering new born babies.

Gender

Although it is hard to reconstitute the Awa's former kinship because they have been dispersed and reduced from their original populations.

During their lifetime, the Awa people, both men and women can have several successive marriages.

The differences between men and women of the Awa has to do with the tasks that they perform.

Social Stratification

The Awa face extreme poverty, and many Awa are dying from various foreign diseases that settlers bring in.

Before the Awa were permently contacted by FUNAI, they were believed to have lived in Maranhao's pre-amazon region.

Killer Disease

Gunpowder

Awa men typically hunt bigger game, while the Awa women typical gather and hunt smaller prey. The women are also responsible for child bearing, breast their own child, and surget mothers for baby monkeys.

Awa indians had no immune system against the "white man's sickness" such as influenza, whooping cough, or measles.

The Awa lands are being invaded to cut down the forest for a profit. Bows and arrows are just not able to defend them against guns.

They are also believed to have lived in groups of 5 to 30 individuals in this area.

Challenges Faced by the Awa:

The Awa survive by living off the forest. Some Awa fish and hunt, while others gather fruits, nuts, and other things that the forest provides. Twenty to thirty Awa hunt and begin to develop substantible methods of obtaining food, such as agriculture.

Hunters and Gathers

At one point in time, the Awa were settled and farmed maniocs, a shrubby, tropical plant that they used for food. They also planted corn in gardens. Unfortunately the Awa were forced to become nomadic in the 19th and 20th centuries because forest settlers invaded their lands, capturing and forcing them to flee, inorder to survive. Now, the Awa are nomads to survive and raise their children.

Many Awa continue to hunt and gather their own food from the forests that surround them

Land Theft and Murder

From a young age, all Awa are taught to hunt. They are extremely skilled marksmen.

The majority in Brazil up until recently was identifiably white. Now for the first time, the most recent census shows that 50.7% of Brazilians are black or mixed. This makes Black-Brazilians the majority in Brazil.

The Awa have faced illegal loggers for decades and unfortunately it appears to not be changing.

The loggers are destroying everything in their paths including the Awa

How the Awa Make a Living:

A Family Affair

The Awa live in extended family groups. The families go on gathering trips where everybody collects nuts and berries

This change can be contributed to people no longer being scared to identify themselves as black.

The Awa tribesmen depend on the forest for their hunter and gatherer lifestyle.

Background:

Education

By: Lauren Arona

The Awa are not proficient in Portegese, they know a very limited amount.

Cultural Change

  • About 350 members survive today, about 100 of those have no contact with the outside world.
  • The Awa originally lived in settlements until about the 1800's when they adopted an nomadic lifestyle to escape incursions by Europeans.
  • Their language is in the Tupi-Guarani family.

Awa's are taught at young ages to hunt and gather, and all that they need to know to survive in the amazon.

The Awa are facing the decimation of their culture. Their lands are being destroyed, their homes destroyed and their people killed by illegal logging chain gangs. The Awa's numbers have been drastically reduced, now only 60 Awa remain uncontacted. Organizations such as Survival International, are doing all they can to make sure and another group and culture is not removed from earth. The pressure Brazil's Minister of Justice, to send in the federal police to push out the loggers and keep them out. You and I can help as well. Unfortunately this is not the Minister of Justices priority, so in order to force the Minister to take notice, organizations like Survival International asks that everyone send to a message to force him to save the Awa.

Location:

The Awa or Guaja are an endangered indigenous people living in the eastern Amazon forests of Brazil .

The Awa-Guaja are the last

indigenous group uncontacted by

modern society in Brazil.

Spoken Language

Political/Social Control

Religion

The Awa speak Guaja. There are four classifications or linguistic group of the Guaja language; Tupian, Tupi-Guarani, Wayampi, and Amanaye, Tupi-Guarani being the most common and the group the Awa belong in.

The Awa do not have a major religion. Though the Awa have a close relationship with nature and their environments. Monkeys are very scared animals to the Awa tribe. The Awa women treat them as they do their own children. The monkeys eat, sleep and are even breast fed by the Awa women.

Belief

In 1982, the Brazilian government received a loan of 900 million dollars USD from the World Bank and European Union. One condition of this loan is that the lands of certain indigenous group, including the Awa would be demarcated and protected. Unfortunately the Brazilian government was very slow to put this into action. It took twenty years for Brazil to demarcate the Awa lands. Even though their lands are protected they are still invaded and destroyed by logging and land clearance for farming.

They speak this language vigorously.

The Awa have a belief dating back to the antediluvian of their tribe. They believe that when a member of their society passes on, the persons spirit will be taken away by a beautiful and agile Jaguar.

Their Home

Drive to Help Preserve:

Survival in the Past:

The first attempt to help the Awa tribe was to create the Caru Reservation.

Advocacy group Survival International is launching a new campaign to save the indigenous Awá tribe of Brazil from illegal encroachment on their land.

Carú Indian Reservation is only a small part of the Awá people’s traditional lands. But diminishing fauna, invasions by ”fazendeiros” (ranchers), infectious diseases, and repeated massacres where Indians have been hunted like wild animals, now force the Awá to seek a meagre assistance from the local FUNAI.

Imagine if this was our home...

The FUNAI employees try to reunite the scattered Awa tribes.

Sources:

Sources

  • In the 19th Century, they came under increasing attack by settlers in the region, who unfortunately cleared most of the forests from their land.
  • In 1982, the Brazilian government was given a loan for 900 USD from the World Bank and European Union, under the condition that the lands of indigenous groups (including the Awa) would be demarcated and protected.
  • Encroachment on their land and a series of massacres had reduced Awa numbers to about 300, of whom only about 60 were still living their traditional, isolated, hunter-gatherer way of life.
  • "Crystalinks - Metaphysics and Science." Awa-Guaja People of Brazil. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb 2013.
  • Kinley, Rachael. "Human Planet." Contact is Complicated. BBC Earth, 15 Mar 2010. Web. 8 Feb 2013.
  • Gender, Power and Mobility among the Awá-Guajá (Maranhão, Brasil). Journal of Anthropological Research 67(2): 189-211. 2011.
  • Fuentes, Agustin, and Linda D. Wolfe. Primates Face to Face. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Print.
  • Corier, Loretta A. Kinship with Monkeys. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Print.
  • Balee, William, and Clark L. Erickson. Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. Print.
  • Soderstrom, Erling, ed. "Amazon's Last Surviving Nomad Tribe." AWA GUAJA. N.p.. Web. 16 Apr 2013. <http://www.korubo.com/Brasil/Indians-Awaguaja/Awaguaja.html>.
  • Sibaja, Marco. "Brazil's Indigenous Awa Tribe at Risk." Huffington Post. N.p.. Web. 19 Apr 2013.
  • Pappas, Stephanie. "The Awa: Faces of a Threatened Tribe." Live Science. N.p.. Web. 29 Apr 2013.
  • "Guaja of Brazil." Joshua Project. N.p.. Web. 20 Apr 2013. <http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=11950&rog3=BR>.
  • "Earth's Most Threatened Tribe make Unprecedented Visit to Brazil's Capital." Survival for Tribal Peoples. N.p., 7 Nov 2012. Web. 29 Apr 2013.
  • Survivalintl, . Tribal Pets. 2012. Video. YoutubeWeb. 21 Apr 2013.
  • Novitarina, . Tribal Journeys Ep. 06 The Awa Guaja. 2011. Video. YoutubeWeb. 22 Apr 2013.
  • Survivalintl, . Uncontacted Amazon Tribe. 2011. Video. YoutubeWeb. 29 Apr 2013.
  • Sundrumify, . Tribe in Brazilian Amazon Rainforest under Threat from illegal loggers . 2012. Video. YoutubeWeb. 29 Apr 2013.

Reality:

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