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World History I: Chapter 4: Ancient Greece, Section 4: The Culture of Classical Greece
Review
Terms from Skeleton Outlines
City-State
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Tyranny
Democracy
Early Reforms in Athens
under Solon
1. outlawed debt slavery
2. freed slaves
3. granted citizenship
4. opened offices
Athens from
aristocracy to
democracy
Persian Wars
Greek city-states won't submit to Persia
Athens & Sparta band together to defeat Persia
Pericles
Golden Age under Pericles
Goals:
1.Strengthen democracy with direct democracy
2. Hold and strengthen empire
3. Glorify Athens with art, architecture, and intellect
Reforms:
- Stipend: payment for serving in the government
- Trial by jury
- Allowed Athenians to ostracize (kick out) public figures
- Building campaigns, including building the Parthenon
Golden Age of Greece
Playwrights
Sophocles:
- Wrote tragedies
- Wrote Antigone
Aristophanes:
- wrote comedies
- Lysistrata
Golden Age
Thinkers
Socrates:
- Method of teaching was question/
answer: Socratic Method
- Brought to trial for corrupting the youth
- Took poison
- Teacher of Plato
Plato:
- Founded a school: the Academy
- Wrote the Republic, ideas on government
- Hated democracy
- Best ruler: philosopher-king
- Taught Aristotle
Aristotle:
- Opened a school: Lyceum
- Believed one should study all branches of knowledge...basis of early universities
- Taught Alexander the Great
Athens = dominant power in Greece
Delian League:
Athens and their allies
VS
Peloponnesian League:
Sparta and their allies
Peloponnesian War
Athens and Sparta go to war
Who wins?
After 27 Years
Sparta
But...
Greece is divided, fatigued by war, and weakened....
And when nations are weak, what is likely to happen?
Athens v Sparta
city and surrounding areas
rule by king or queen
rule by landholders
rule by small powerful group
person gains power
by force
people vote
direct - on everything
representative - on people