Rome: Concepts

Why would the Romans

give citzenship to people

they conquered in war?

Concept Question #1

Concept Question #6

Theme #1

Theme #6

What was the Roman Republic?

Concept Question #2

Theme #2

and

What was the the structure of the Roman Government?

How did Rome expand into an Empire?

What was the Age of Augustus?

What does this picture

look like in American

Government?

Main Idea #1

Main idea #1

Main idea #2

Senate: 300 patricans served for life

made up the original Senate

Republic: a form of government

in which leaders, not a king, and

certain citizens have the right to vote

Divided into two groups:

Patricians and plebeians

It was organized by classes based on wealth

Wealthiest citizens always were the majority

Main idea #1

Main idea #2

Patricians were the large landowners

Conflicts between the plebeians and patricians

over political and social equality

The young Republic had periods of

of continuous warfare

Octavian proclaimed "the restoration

of the Republic" and became Rome's first

emperor

Created a period called

the early Empire

Plebeians were smaller landowners: farmers,

craftspeople, and merchants

Romans gave citzenship to conquered

peoples to help expand its growth

Twelve Tables: Rome's first code of law

Later Rome adopted a better system of civil law

which allied to Roman citizens only

He was awarde the title of Augustus or

"the reverved one"

Next: the Pax Romana

Built a large army

Believed their success was due

to thre virtues: duty, courage, and

discipline

He stabilized Rome's frontier

and conquered new areas

Plebeians fought to protect

Rome even though they were

not political or social equals of

the Patricians. African Americans were in a similar unequal position for many of the

American wars. Should people without rights serve their country?

Concept Question #3

Concept Question #4

Theme #3

Theme #4

What caused growing inequality?

How did Rome conquer the Mediterranean?

and

Concept Question #5

What was the new role for the Army?

Theme #5

What caused the Collapse of the Republic?

Main Idea #1

Main idea #1

Main idea #2

Main idea #1

Main idea #2

Rome vs. Carthage

Senate made up mostly of landowning

aristocracy.

Three men--Crassus, Pompey, and

Julius Caesar emerged victorious in the Civil War

Julius Caesar gave land to the poor

and expanded the Senate to 900 members

A general named Marius, recruited

soldiers from among the landless

poor

Presence of Carthaginians in Sicily

worried the Romans

backbone of Roman Army

was made up of small farmers

He filled the Senate with his supporters

thereby weakening its power

Senate decided that Pompey rule alone

would be best and ordered Julius Caesar

to give up his command. He refused and defeated

Pompey.

The First Punic War:

Rome built a large navy and won

Carthage gave up Sicily

Generals became political, and

the individual generals gained

great power

Caesar was assassinated in 44 B.C.

Rome growing economic

and social unrest

Caesar became a Dictator: or absolute ruler

The Second Punic War:

Carthage wanted revenge and sent

Hannibal to take the war to Rome

(story to follow)

A civil war broke out, but

the Senate regained control

A few of the Aristocrats who

backed the landless poor were killed

The Third Punic War:

50 years later, Roman soldiers sacked

Carthage. The territory of Carthage

became a Roman province called Africa

Hannibal entered Spain, moved east, and then

across the Alps. A large army including horses,

and 37 battle elephants. Many died during the move.

Rome decided to attack Carthage

forcing the recall of Hannibal.

Rome won the victory and gain control

of Spain