The Jim Crow Era

Thanks for your attention!

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Who was Jim Crow?

What were the Jim Crow laws?

Who was Jim Crow?

• white supremacy (Vorherrschaft)

• blacks seen as second class citizens

• punishments trough cities and states

Structure

1. Who was Jim Crow?

2. What were the Jim Crow laws?

3. impressions of blacks' daily life

4. example of "Plessy vs. Ferguson"

5. other examples

6. cartoon

7. sources

culturally + intellectually inferior (unterlegen)

• no contradiction between Declaration of Independence + laws

• coloured face with burnt cork

• Thomas Dartmouth Rice

• song + dances supported idea that blacks are stupid, lazy, less human, not worth being integrated

• Jim Crow criminal justice system exists of whites

The Jim Crow Era

because blacks were seen as "separate but equal"

• laws separated Afro-Americans and whites in every part of daily life
• signs were constant reminders of the racial order

Daddy Rice

• series of anti-black laws
• between 1876 and 1965
• in southern states

• shows formed a new genre the minstrel shows

lie!

• saw disabled black man

1838 "Jim Crow" used as a standard nick name

main intention: mockery of colored

inspired Rice to write

song

• Rice = "Father of American minstrelsy"

• 1828 as "Jim Crow" on stage

• extreme cases:
• public burnings
• some burned alive
• sometimes were lynched

extremely stereotypical black character

• lots of imitators

• laws = foundation of racial discrimination

• legalization of racial segregation (Rassentrennung)

1890-1910

no right to vote

• 19 September 1860 death of Daddy Rice in New York

English presentation

Mrs. Steyer, Q1

17.09.13

by Miriam Atkinson and Lara Morlang

"Plessy vs. Ferguson"

Impressions of blacks' daily life

"Plessy vs. Ferguson"

The example of "Plessy vs. Ferguson"

Homer Plessy

• law for separation of public facilities 1890
• 1892 in the East Louisiana Railroad
• Plessy sat in the section for whites
• told the conductor that he was 1/8 black

• born on March 17, 1862 in New Orleans, Louisiana
• his great grandmother was from Africa

• shoemaker as a young man
• started social activism in 1887

1/8 black

became vice president of the Justice, Protective, Educational and Social Club

wanted to reform New Orleans' public educational system

• his family could pass for white

• exclusion and prohibitions

• separation

• disadvantages

Cartoon

Other examples

picture sources

literature sources

"Plessy vs. Ferguson"

• he protested against violation of 14th amendment right

• refused to get out of the car

"Equal Protection Clause"

• Justice John Marshall Harlan agreed with Plessy
• Justice Henry Billings Brown and the seven-men majority justified segregation of races
• supported the Jim Crow laws as long as public facilities were "equal"

• http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/who.htm (3.9.2013)
• http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aah/jim-crow (4.9.2013)
• http://menschenhandelheute.net/2011/10/23/rechtliche-ausgrenzung-und-unterdruckung-ehemaliger-sklaven-nach-der-abolition-die-jim-crow-laws/ (7.9.2013)
• http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-jim-crow-laws.html (7.9.2013)
• http://www.nps.gov/malu/forteachers/jim_crow_laws.htm (8.9.2013)
• http://www.biography.com/people/homer-plessy-21105789 (9.9.2013)
• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html (9.9.2013)
• http://www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar29.html (9.9.2013)

• http://carmenkynard.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/HomerPlessy-231x300.jpg
• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OnaQ5iCmLJI/UX6fBUwGY8I/AAAAAAAAE78/iFuO_0lfY2o/s400/jimcrow.jpg
• http://blogs.swa-jkt.com/swa/10764/files/2012/09/zzzz-segregation-drinking-fountain1.jpeg
• http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/thumb/e/e0/1943_Colored_Waiting_Room_Sign.jpg
• http://www-tc.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/images/seeing_big3.jpg
• http://media.nola.com/tpphotos/photo/2011/09/10024144-standard.jpg
• http://www.sterlingtimes.org/lone_minstrel.jpg
• http://www.sfmt.org/company/archives/minstrel/images/minst1y.jpgthe
• http://i139.photobucket.com/albums/q284/bobhiggins/WhitesOnlyFountain-1.jpg

was ejected and jailed overnight

released on a $ 500 bond

• case to the United States Supreme court

• http://sexualityinart.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/colored-drinking-fountain.jpg
• http://hyde7-8.wikispaces.com/file/view/jim_crow_laws_2.jpg/215560518/311x263/jim_crow_laws_2.jpg
• http://www.okcemeteries.net/pott/black/pic/black.jpg
• http://stienstradl.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/schoolbooks.jpg
• http://cache.boston.com/resize/bonzai-fba/Globe_Photo/2008/03/03/1204579708_7277/499w.jpg
• http://blogs.swa-jkt.com/swa/11262/files/2012/09/Josephine-School-Segregation-2-300x158.jpg
• http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/houghton/files/2010/06/Thomas-Rice.jpg
• http://www.blackstageny.8k.com/images/jimcrow.jpeg
• http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/jimcrow.jpg
• http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/Thomas_Rice_as_Jim_Crow.jpg

North Carolina

Textbooks:

books couldn’t be swapped between

"white" and "black" schools

presiding Judge John Howard Ferguson convicted Plessy guilty

Alabama

Georgia

Buses

Burial:

"white" cemeteries and "black" cemeteries

• separate waiting rooms/space
• separate ticket windows

Questions?