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Blood vessels

The Blood

Function of Circulatory

System

Route of blood through the heart

Relationship of Structure to Function

Open and Closed Cirulatory System

Major Disorders

Arteries

Capillaries

  • Transports blood aways from the heart

Circulatory System

  • The function of the capillaries is to exchange materials with their surroundings
  • Dilevers oyxgen and nutrients to the body
  • Atherosclerosis-

Atherosclerosis is a blood circulation problem, resulting from accumulation of fatty deposits in the walls of the blood vessels, especially arteries. In other words, arteries are primarily affected by atherosclerosis. Over a period of time, the arterial walls harden and lose their elasticity. Complication of atherosclerosis include cardiovascular disease and heart attack.

  • Open- blood is pumped from the heart through blood vessels but then it leaves the blood vessels and enters body cavities, where the organs are bathed in blood

The blood is composed of

  • plasma- makes up 55% of your blood and is made up of mostly water that contains dissolving proteins
  • erythrocytes- red blood cells
  • leukocytes - white blood cells
  • platelets- small irregularly shaped cell fragments

Veins

  • Eruthrocytes are circular shaped so they can flow through the tube like shape of the blood vessels

The blood enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle where it then goes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk and artery and into the lungs. Blood returns through the pulmonary veins into the left atruim then through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle, then flows through the aortic valve into the aorta.

Examples: molluscs and arthropods

  • Function is to transfer deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
  • Closed- blood remains within blood vessels, pressure is high, and blood is therefore pumped faster
  • Hypertension-

Hypertension or high blood pressure another frequently diagnosed disorder of the circulatory system. Over here, the blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) reading remains consistently higher than the normal recommended level. If not addressed timely, hypertension causes damage to the heart and blood vessels, thereby increasing the risk of heart attack and other heart diseases.

Examples: humans, vertbrates

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