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The Process of Regenerating

During regeneration, a Time Lord's body shines with milky white light, a swirl of rainbow colors, crackled with electricity, or with a violent-seeming discharge of bio-energy, capable of causing damage. In other cases, there was no visible energy discharge, just a fade away to the next incarnation.

Some regenerations occurred with other individuals in close proximity. These times, the energy from the Doctor's body wasn't particularly violent. However, from his ninth incarnation onwards (which is to say, after the Last Great Time War and the destruction of Gallifrey,) the Doctor warned anyone in close proximity to a regeneration to keep away. . Why he thought this was necessary became clear when the damage from the Tenth Doctor's regeneration into the Eleventh caused enough damage to the TARDIS to force a complete reconstruction into a different design.

The Doctor

Who is the Doctor?

Stage 2 and 3 of the Citric cycle

Regenerative Cycle

The Doctor is a Time Lord, an alien from the planet Gallifrey, who travels through time and space in an internally vast time machine called the TARDIS (Time And Relative Dimension(s) In Space) which appears relatively small when seen from the outside, but is in fact infinite on the inside.

The Doctor explores the universe at random, using his extensive knowledge of science, technology, and history to avert whatever crisis he encounters.It is this penchant for becoming "involved" with the universe – in direct violation of official Time Lord policy – that has caused the Doctor to be labelled a renegade by the Time Lords. (His defense of his involvement, notes and maintains that while most of his fellow Time Lords have been content merely to observe the evil in the Universe, he has been actively fighting against it.) Most of the time, however, his actions are tolerated, especially given that he has saved not just Gallifrey but also the universe several times over.

Stage 2

  • Input: Citrate
  • Output:cis-Aconitate+ H2O
  • Enzyme used: Aconitase

Stage 3:

  • Input: Cis-Aconitate+H2O
  • Output:Isocitrate
  • Enzyme Used:Aconitase

Stage 4 and 5

Time Lords had a limited regenerative cycle of twelve regenerations, similar to the twelve hours on a clock, consisting of thirteen incarnations, after which they would suffer permanent death. Assassin, Doctor Who) Time Lords could will themselves to die by regenerating when they had no more regenerations left to use.

Difficulties with Regeneration

Stage 4

  • Input: Isocitrate + NAD+
  • Output:Oxalosuccinate +NADH + H +
  • Enzyme used:Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Stage 5

  • Input:Oxalosuccinate
  • Output:α-Ketoglutarate + CO2
  • Enzyme:Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Stage 1 of The Citric Acid Cycle

  • While most regenerations seemed to cause moments of mental instability, with temporary amnesia often noted, some offered particularly profound instances of physical peril.
  • Regeneration could be painful. Melody Pond screamed during one regeneration. The Tenth Doctor also appeared to grimace in pain during the process. Once, Sarah Jane Smith asked the Eleventh Doctor if his last regeneration had hurt. After trying to deflect the question, he quickly said, "It always hurts," before, in the same breath, continuing with the task at hand.
  • Input:Oxaloacetate + Acetyl CoA + H2O
  • Enzyme Utilized: Citrate Synthase
  • Product:Citrate + CoA-SH
  • Irreversible
  • extends the 4C oxaloacetate to a 6C molecule

Stage 8 and 9

Stage 8

  • Input: Succinate +ubiquinone
  • Output:Fumarate +ubiquinol
  • Enzyme Used:Succinate dehydrogenase

Stage 9

  • Input:Fumarate +H2O
  • Output:L-Malate
  • Enzyme Used:Fumarase

What is Regeneration?

What is Dr. Who?

Regeneration is a biological ability exhibited by Time Lords. This process allows a Time Lord who is old or mortally wounded to undergo a transformation into a new physical form and a somewhat different personality.

Stage 6 and 7

  • A television program that has existed since the early 1960's
  • The program depicts the adventures of a Time Lord (a time-traveling humanoid alien known as the Doctor)
  • The Doctor faces bad guys while working to save civilizations, help ordinary people, and right wrongs

What is the Citric Acid Cycle?

  • Stage 3 of Cellular Respiration
  • Composed of 8 steps
  • Takes place in the Mitochondrial Matrix
  • Fuel molecules are completely oxidized
  • Supplies high energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Stage 6

  • Input:α-Ketoglutarate + NAD+ +CoA-SH
  • Output:Succinyl-CoA +NADH + H+ +CO2
  • Enzyme Used:α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Stage 7

  • Input:Succinyl-CoA + GDP + Pi
  • Output:Succinate + CoA-SH + GTP
  • Enzyme Used:Succinyl-CoA synthetase

The metaphysical change which takes place every 500 or so years is a horrifying experience — an experience in which he re-lives some of the most unendurable moments of his long life, including the galactic war [which was believed, at this time, to have been the cause of the Doctor and Susan's departure from their home planet]. It is as if he has had the LSD drug and instead of experiencing the kicks, he has the hell and dank horror which can be its effect.

-1966 production note, entitled "The New Doctor Who", The Second Doctor Handbook p.24

How do they relate?

The Doctor Regenerating

Stage 10: Regeneration

  • Both are major sources of energy
  • Otherwise, not much in common, but both are still pretty awesome
  • Input:L-Malate +NAD+
  • Output:Oxaloacetate +NADH + H+
  • Enzyme Used: Malate dehydrogenase
  • Regenerates because it produces Oxaloacetate, making it a cycle

Why the Doctor told everyone to Stay away During Regeneration

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All Dr. Who Regenerations

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Dr. Who and Cell Regeneration

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