PoA Course CH1 L2

Module 1: Introduction to PoAs

Chapter 1: The CDM and the Rationale for PoA

Lecture 2 - PoA and Component Project Activities

Programme and Component Project Activities

PoA Requirements

Congratulations on Completing Chapter 1

Prospects of CDM and PoAs

Monitoring and verification

Uncertainties on the new commitment period 2013 – 2020

Suited for a large number of small/micro-scale activities

Complementary Reading Material

EU has pledged to that CERs from Least Development Countries and Small Island States are eligible to be used to meet the EU mitiagation targets at least until 2015

Volume of emission reductions not known at the time of PoA registration

• CPAs need to be monitored according to approved monitoring methodologies
• Sampling may be proposed in the monitoring methodology

Fenhann, Jørgen; Hinostroza, Miriam, 2011: "CDM Information and Guidebook", Third Edition, UNEP Risø Centre

Designed to include vast numbers of small-scale activities under one CDM project umbrella

http://cd4cdm.org/Publications/cdm_guideline_3rd_edition.pdf

Boundary

Provides the enabling environment for others to implement a policy/measure or stated goal

http://cd4cdm.org/Publications/PrimerCMDPoA.pdf

UNEP; CD4CDM: "A Primer on CDM Programme of Activities"

Not restricted by national boarders

• For example, one of the registered PoAs is for the Reduction of emissions from non-renewable fuel from cooking at household level includes 26 African and Asian countries in its boundaries
• Each Host country has to approve activities taking place in their national boundaries

CPA Types

PoA Activities VS Standard CDM

Single Measure - Single Location

South Pole, 2010: "Developing CDM Programmes of Activities: A Guidebook"

https://www.southpolecarbon.com/_downloads/PoA_Guidebook_SouthPole.pdf

PoA

CPA

Methodology

New areas of funding:

• The UNFCCC Loan Scheme for countries with less than 10 CDM projects and PoAs

• New emerging carbon markets might become new sources of CER demand

• Voluntary carbon market continues to provide CER demand

CPA

Several Measures - Single Location

Project-by-project CDM projects and PoAs must apply baseline and monitoring methodologies

• Applying for more than one approved methodology is also allowed for a PoA

Test Your Knowledge

PoA

CPA

Contribute to small-scale activities

not viable under normal CDM

CPA

To test the knowledge you attained in Chapter 1, follow the link below and complete the multiple choice questionnaire:

Additionality

Single Measure - Many Locations

PoA

Additionality is to be demonstrated either at the PoA level or at CPA level. The PoA is additional if:

CPA

http://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/?quiz=hvy51add1c4dc8e4

CPA

• Energy efficiency (EE)
• Waste
• Solar
• Small hydro
• Biomass

Several Measures - Many Locations

Michaelowa, 2011: (Perspectives Post 2012- markets)

(1) The proposed voluntary measure would not be implemented, without the PoA

(2) A mandatory policy/regulation would not be enforced as envisaged but rather depends on the CDM to enforce it

(3) The PoA will lead to a greater level of enforcement of the existing mandatory policy/regulation

PoA

CPA

To continue learning more about PoAs,

continue to Chapter 2 by double clicking the arrow below

CPA

Provide support to the scaling up of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA), to fulfill the goals of national Low Carbon Development Strategies

Continue to Chapter 2

http://prezi.com/puvl3-kwfql4/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy

Attributes of a PoA

Sustainable Development

Complexity

Technological Aspects

Financial Aspects

PoAs involve a vast amount of stakeholders and technologies over large areas

• Complex planning, coordination and implementation environment

• Support the diffusion of small-scale environmentally friendly technologies

Potentially raising the living standards of the local population, and contributing to sustainable development

Example:

CME

E.g. a switch from non-renewable biomass fuel to renewable sources

Rural cooking stove substitution PoA, "Turbococinas" in El Salvador

• Expansion of business opportunities for products and services

• New customer target group

• PoAs may represent a long term business plan for investors

• Not restricted by national boarders

In El Salvador, where the use of fuelwood for cooking is one of the main causes of the worst deforestation in Latin America, the "Turbococinas" PoA, distributed over 100,000 stoves that were designed to use small pieces of wood from tree trimmings, which avoids cutting whole trees.

A PoA Requires a Coordinating Managing Entity (CME) to manage the programme

• Public or private company
• Responsible for the coordination and management of the PoA

Example:

Methane capture and combustion from Animal Waste Management System PoA

South Pole, 2010: PoA - Developing CDM Programmes of Activities: A Guidebook

"Guacamaya Small Scale Hydropower Programme of Activities"

Biogas digesters can provide farmers with fuel for cooking and lighting, while the liquid slurry can be used as organic fertilizer on the fields to increase crop yields. The "Methane capture and combustion from Animal Waste Management System PoA" in Brazil is provides such technology and has reached 1.050 CPAs registered in 2013.

Duration

based in Honduras, but can expand its planned activities to Guatemala, Costa Rica and Nicaragua

PoAs can expand to several countries, amplifying the benefits of successful PoAs, and expanding the business opportunities

A PoA can last up to 28 years (7 years renewable 3 times)

• 60 years for afforestation and deforestation programmes
• Activities can gradually unfold

or occur in parallel

Social Aspects

Political Aspects

• Great tools for supporting the enforcement and reinforcement of GHG reduction policies

• Enabling the generation of additional revenue to fund policy implementation

Activities at house-hold level have direct positive impact on the population

• Improved air quality
• Improved health
• Deforestation prevention
• Safeguard of the resource base for the local population
• Increased productive efficiency for the household
• Improved education
• Access to services

PoAs can start with few activities and use the finance generated from the CERs to support additional unfolding activities