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Bones and Muscles
8
Muscle
BONES
THE SKELLETON
TYPES OF BONES
The bones in our body are all different shapes. There are three types of bones: Long, Short and Flat.
The Skeleton is made up of all the bones in our body.
An adult has 206 bones.
Bones are hard and rigid.
They are made of calcium. Calcium can be found in food like milk, salmon, broccoli, yoghourt and cheese, so we need a lot of calcium to have strong bones and to grow up.
The skeleton has three parts: The SKULL, the TRUNK and the LIMBS.
The skeleton has two functions: It supports our body and it protects the delicate organs inside it.
The tibia is a long bone
Vertebrae are short bones
The bones in the skull are flat.
SKULL
FOREHEAD
The skull is the head. It protects the brain and gives shape to the face
FACE
CHIN
NECK
SHOULDER
SCAPULA
THE ARM
STERNUM
RIBS
HUMERUS
RIB CAGE
TRUNK
The trunk has two parts: The Thorax and the Abdomen.
The ribcage is in the trunk. It protects the heart and the lungs. It is made up of:
At the back: the backbone . This is made of small bones called vertebrae.
At the front: the sternum .
The ribs join the backbone and the sternum.
BACKBONE
VERTEBRAE
ULNA
RADIUS
In the pelvis we find the HIPS
PELVIS
It is the longest bone in your body
FEMUR
THE LEG
KNEE
TIBIA
FIBULA
ANKLE
THERE ARE MANY MUSCLES IN THE TRUNK
- The neck muscles (1) are in the neck.
- The pectorals (2) are in the chest.
- The intercostals (3) are between the ribs.
- The abdominals (4) are under the ribcage and under the stomach.
Most of the muscles of the head are in the face.
Some open and close the mouth and the eyes; others are for chewing and speaking. The masseter helps us chew our food.
The quadriceps (8) are in the upper leg.
The biceps femoris is in the back of the upper leg.
The gluteal muscles are in the bottom.
We also have the calf muscles. These help us walk,run and jump.
The deltoid (5) is in the shoulder.
The triceps (6) and the biceps (7) are in the upper arm.
The trapezius muscle is in our back. It helps us move our arms.
The muscles that are part of the locomotor system. The locomotor system is what let us move the different parts of our body. It includes bones, joints and muscles.
Muscles are attached to
bones by tendoms.
Every part of
our body has muscles
WHAT DO
MUSCLES
DO?
THE MUSCLES
Tendoms attach muscles to the bones.
Ligaments attach bones to bones.
MUSCLES AND BONES ARE ATTACHED BY JOINTS
Bone
Muscles are flexible and elastic. They are soft when relaxed.
They work in pairs:
They move our bones by contracting and relaxing.
When muscles contract, they get shorter, and when they relax, they get longer.
This is how we move the different parts of our bodies.
We have two types of muscles:
voluntary and involuntary. We can move voluntary muscles when we want but we can't control involuntary muscles. Our heart is an involuntary muscle. It moves automatically. There are also involuntary muscles in our stomach that help us to digest our food.