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The Economy

Spain controlled trade for New Spain, they forbade that they trade with other European nations and other Spanish colonies.

Sugar cane was a very profitable resource, but to grow it, it implied to have many workers, and these were the Native Americans.

Spanish monarchs granted encomiendas to then conquistadors which is the right to demand labor to the Native Americans. Their working conditions were horrible.

The Catholic Church

The clergy had a lot of work to do with the Native American people such as telling them what to do, teach them about European culture, regulate their activities, and convert them to Christianity. Converting them was as important as gaining land.

Bartolome de las

Casas

He was a priest who was in opposition of how the encomienda system worked. He sent a letter to Spain to stop the abuses of the Native Americans, Spain made laws to stop it but Spain was too far away for them to apply it.

Ruling the Spanish Empire

In the 1500s, Spain claimed a great empire that extended from California to South America.

Spain was determined to maintain a strict control of its empire. The king appointed viceroys

to rule over each province.

Bringing Workers from Africa

Setting the Scene

Because there was a labor shortage, Las Casas advised that Africans would make a better work and had some advantages over Native Americans, but he regretted it later because they were also abused.

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas

Colonial Society and Culture

Made by:

Elianna Molina Durazo

Alexia Sanchez Alonso

The blending of Native American, African, and European peoples and traditions resulted in a new American culture.

Social Structure

Cities

Spanish settlers preferred to live in towns and cities. The population of Mexico city grew so quickly that by 1550, it was the largest Spanish speaking city in the world. Colonial cities were centers of government, commerce, and European culture. There was also an exchange of ideas.

Education

The Portuguese Colony in Brazil

By the treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, Portugal claimed Brazil. Portugal issued grants of land to Portuguese nobles. Landowners sent settlers to build towns, plantations, and churches.

The University of Mexico was established as early as 1551. A dozen Spanish American universities were busy educating young men long before Harvard, the first university in the 13 English colonies, was founded in 1636. Women wishing an education might enter a convent.

Cultural Blending

The blending of diverse traditions charged people´s lives throughout the Americas. Settlers learned Native American styles of building, ate food native to the American, and traveled the Indian-style canoes. Settlers taught their religion to Native Americans. They also introduced animals, especially the horse, which changed the lives of Native Americans. Africans also forged new religions that blended African and Christian beliefs.

FAST FACTS

The Economy

- Pueblo Indians used "puddled," or poured, adobe before the Spanish arrived. Spanish settlers introduced the use of adobe bricks

- Both the Pueblos and the Spanish built the communities around a central plaza, or square.

- Taos Pueblo is still inhabited today.

San Xavier del Bac

The land didn´t directly gave silver or gold, but it was perfect for farming and raising livestock. They forced Indians and Africans to clear land for sugar plantations. Some parts of the land were left unexplored but some of the people ventured and attacked Native Americans, then they enslaved them to work for them.

- He is NOT a person, Xavier is a mission (house).

- It was founded in 1692 by the Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino

- The Mexican government banned all Spanish- born priests, those serving at San Xavier were sent to Spain.

-There were no records of the architect builders, craftsmen or artisans responsible for creating and decorating it are known.

Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

- Sor Juana became Mexico´s tenth muse.

- She is the woman of the $200 pesos bill.

- In 1664, age 16 Juana went to live in Mexico city and disguised herself as a male student to enter a university.

- She earned a reputation as one of the greatest poets ever to write in the spanish language

A New Culture

Video

Like in all of the other American settlements, there was a blending of cultures. The one that outstanded the most were Native American and African.

Challenging Spanish Power

Thanks to the wealth of the Americas Spain became the most powerful country in Europe. Other nations felt hatred towards Spain because of its power, they challenged it in many ways; they tried to trade illegally in Spain and raid their ships that came from the Americas to Europe.

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