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Bone Anatomy
291
Transcript
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
- Composed of three fused bones:
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubic bone
- Acetabulum: hip socket(joint)
- The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis
- Protects several organs
- Reproductive organs
- Urinary bladder
- Part of the large intestine
The Vertebral Column
- Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs
- The spine has a normal curvature
- Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location
- 7 cervical vertebra
- Atlas = 1 st vertebra
- holds head
- Axis = 2 nd vertebra
- rotates head
- 12 thoracic vertebra
- 5 lumbar vertebra
- 1 sacrum
- 1 coccyx
The Bony Thorax
The Appendicular Skeleton
- Forms a cage to protect major organs
- Made-up of three parts
- Sternum: breastbone
- Ribs
- 12 pair of ribs
- True ribs: attach directly to sternum by cartilage
- Ribs 1-7
- False ribs: attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage
- Ribs 8-12
- Floating ribs: not attached to sternum
- Ribs 11 & 12
- Thoracic vertebrae
- Limbs (appendages)
- Arms and Legs
- Has two girdles (encircles the body)
- Pectoral girdle
- Pelvic girdle
The Hyoid Bone
- The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
- Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
Bone Anatomy
Basic Terms
- Foramen = hole
- Ex. Foramen magnum
- Fossa = depression
- Ex. Glenoid fossa
- Process = projection
- Ex. Mastoid process
- Condyle = smooth, rounded end
- Ex. Occipital condyle
- Meatus = canal-like passageway
- Ex. External auditory meatus
- Tubercle = lump of bone
- Ex. Greater tubercle
The Axial Skeleton
- Forms the longitudinal part of the body
- Divided into three parts
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Bony thorax
Bones of the Upper Limb
AKA: Arm
The Pectoral (shoulder) Girdle
- Composed of two bones
- Clavicle – collarbone
- Scapula – shoulder blade
- These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement
- The arm is formed by a single bone
- Humerus
- The forearm has two bones
- Ulna
- Radius
- The hand
- Carpals – wrist
- Four Proximal = Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
- Four Distal = Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
- Mnemonic for Carpal Bones:“Some lovers try positions That they can’t handle”
- Note: lateral to medial and proximal to distal
- Metacarpals – palm
- Phalanges – fingers
The Skull
- Two sets of bones
- Cranium: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
- Facial bones: Zygomatic Bone, Lacrimal Bone, Mandible Bone, Maxilla Bone, Palatine Bone
- Bones are joined by sutures
- Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
Bones of the Lower Limb
- The thigh has one bone
- Femur
- The leg has two bones
- Tibia
- Fibula
- The foot
- Tarsus – ankle ( 7 bones)
- Mneumonic = Cute Tillie Never Could Cooperate
- Calcaneous
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Cunieform (3)
- Metatarsals- the arch and flat portion of the foot
- Phalanges – toes
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