Childhood Growth & Motor Development!

There are certain factors that affect childhood growth and development..

Illness

Lifestyle

• Secular trends are brought about by complex generational changes in lifestyle that result in the tendancy for children today to be both taller and heavier, and to mature sexually at an earlier age then children a few genrations ago.

Nutrition

• 1. Dietary deficiencies can delay growth.
• 2. Growth retardation within children depeds on how bad and how long there was an onset of undernourishment.
• 3. Malnutrition can hault phycial growth of a child between infancy and adolescence.
• 4. Dietary excesses may also affect the growth of children.

Physical Activity

• 1. Promotes muscle development within children
• 2. Environments that promote versions of physical activity will have children with more muscle development.

Movement skills within the game of Basketball

• Stability skills within Basketball include doging, picking, guarding, cutting, and faking

• Locomotor skills within basketball include running, sliding, leaping, and jumping

• Manipulative skills within Basketball include passing, catching, dribbling, blocking, rebounding, blocking, and tipping.

Gallahue's hour glass model describes different phases of motor development.

• Initial stage- children make their first observable and purposeful attempts at performing a task.This includes two to three year old's.
• Elementary stage- depends on maturation of the child, where they gain greater control over their movements. This includes three to five year olds.
• Mature stage- where the child improves rapidily. This includes children of six to seven years old.

Concepts of differentiation and integration

Differentiation is an increase in functional complexity where there is a gradual progression from overall movement patterns of an infant to more functional movements of a child as they mature.

• Integration is an increase in functional complexity were there is a coordinated interaction of opposing muscle and sensory systems.
• An example of this could be a young child with with more mature reaching and grasping behaviors.

Differences between early childhood development & later development across three domains in physical eucation

• Early childhood development includes motor, cognitive, and affective characteristics.
• Some motor characteristics: growth proceeds at a slow but steady pace, perpeceptual-motor abilities are rapidly developing, rapid developing of fundamental movement, and also body functions become well regulated.

• Some cognitive characteristics are that children are able to expresstheir thoughts and ideas verbally, an also learn " how" and "why" actions through play.
• Some affective characteristics are that children distinguish right from wrong and are begining to develop a conscience.

• Late childhood development also includes motor, cognitive, and affective characteristics.

• Some motor characteristics are that growth is slow but steady, the body begins to lengthen out, children's larger muscles are noticibly better developed then their small muscles, fundamental skills are well developed, and also competence develops rapidly.
• Some cognitive characteristics are that the child's attention is often focsed, children have good imaginations, and have more sophisticated abstract cognitive ablities.
• Some afective characteristics are that chilren ar often ggresive, they are responsive to authority, and they also are adventerous and are eager to be involved with friends.

There are differences between initial, elementary, and mature stages of deveopment.

• The Initial stage is characterized by relatively crude and uncoordinated movements. The child may make valid attempts at throwing , catching, kicking, or jumping; but major components of the mature pattern are missing, and movements are either badly exaggerated or inhibited. Also execution of movement is not rhythimically coordinated.

• The mature stage is the integration of all the component parts of a pattern of movement into a wellcoordinated efficiant act. Mature fundamental movement form the basis for all sport skills.

• The elementary stage is where development appears to be dependent on maturation. This is a transitional stage between the inital and mature stages where coordination and rhythmical performance ipmove, and children gain greater control over their movements.

• Specific illness within childhood can retard growth depending on their duration, severity, and timing.