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Paraphrasing & Summarizing
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Paraphrasing is the use of other’s ideas written in your own words. Paraphrases must be introduced using a signal phrase and must be cited. A paraphrase is generally the same length as the original text.
Summarizing, like paraphrasing, is putting an author's thoughts and ideas in your own words. However, summarizing focuses on a larger portion of information, like a whole book, article, or movie. A summary is generally 1/4 the length of the original text.
In discussing how wealth influences appearance, Leslie Fiedler, a literary critic and noted author, asserts that because the wealthy can afford to alter their bodies through surgeries or other medical means, they will become the norm for beauty while the impoverished who cannot afford to change their appearance will be our “sole remaining freaks” (p. 564-565).
One noted author and literary critic, in discussing how wealth influences appearance, argues that because the wealthy can afford to alter their bodies through surgeries and other medical means, they will become the norm for beauty, while the impoverished who cannot afford to change their appearance, will be our “sole remaining freaks” (Fiedler, p. 564-565).
Synthesizing Source Material
- Give your paraphrases and summaries a purpose.
- Use your own words when paraphrasing and summarizing. Patchwork plagiarism is still plagiarism.
- Use signal phrases and in-text citations to show the audience the difference between your thoughts and the author's thoughts.
- Do not misrepresent the author's words and ideas.
Paraphrasing in Everyday Life
a. When do we paraphrase?
Why paraphrase?
a. To avoid plagiarism
b. To write most of your paper
(66-75%) in your own words
Sample Paraphrases
What is paraphrasing?
What is summarizing?
How do I paraphrase?
- Read the text
- Take notes
- Reread if necessary
- Put the text away and begin writing!
- Don't forget to use an in-text citation EVERY TIME you paraphrase or summarize.