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motivation implications for education in ARGs Moseley, Culver, Whitton, Piatt Theory Practice motivation demotivation Traditional Emerging ARGs for learning constructionist problem solving goals for learning social collaboration collective intelligence r e f l e c t i o n low tech needs C.o.P. Moseley (2008) problem solving at various levels progress through the game / rewards narrative regular delivery of new challenges large active community influence on outcomes light technology reliance Whitton (2009) completion competition narrative puzzle solving community creativity participation autonomy competition assessment Viola Quest Operation: Sleeper Cell Great History Conundrum The Neverending Uni Quiz participants engagement simple clear aims +story +puzzles +levels +creativity -slow -unfair -unclear -undemanding -too demanding +competition +puzzles +achievement +stages +narrative +creative +community construct own understanding of the game environment provide stimulus for puzzle solving / goal for learning support social collaboration Savery & Duffy, 1995 "massively distributed puzzle pieces were tracked down... by individuals, but analysed by the group" McGonigal 2008 difficulty getting started stuck: no path forward unfairness / no trust lack of interest motivators demotivators motivators low high take-up pure ARG elements of ARGs