Take me to the water

Take me to the water

water w metals, organic material and dissolved gases

total weight of solid material dissolved in a kilogram of seawater

List and give parts per thousand of the major constituents of seawater.

Cl- 19 0/00

Na+ 10.6 0/00

SO4- 2.66 0/00

Mg+2 1.28 0/00

Ca+2 0.4 0/00

k+ 0.38 0/00

remember based on 1 kg 1000 of seawater

List the minor and some trace constituents of seawater.

K, Br, C, Sr, B, Si, F

Describe methods of measuring salinity and identify the method used to determine salinity in class (record aquaria salinity).

1. Refractive index-refractometer based on bending light rays

2. Conductivity - ionized dissociated electrolytes

3. Chlorinity-Cl predominate ion in sea water - ppt AgNO3

4. Hydrometer- density - sp grav

Why is salinity important?

HYDROGEN bonds are a STRONG attraction

1. adhesion/cohesion

2. viscosity

3. density

4. heat of vaporization

5. heat capacity

6. polar solvent

Compare O2 concentrations of the atmosphere w water

O2 concentrations of air:water

0C 35ppt seawater 8mL O2/L

Atmosphere 21 mL/L

20o 35 ppt seawater 5.4 mL/L

Identify the 3 factors which affect O2 content of water.

Temp

salinity

density ppt- pressure

surface or deep wave action aerates

sources of water are not alike

inshore

offshore

artificial

List some benthic zones and describe their boundaries

supralittoral zone-spray zone: above high tide, only covered w water during storms or extremely high tides

Berm-storm tide, flat area extending to dunes at a beach

littoral or intertidal: between high and low tide marks

sublittoral or subtidal; below low tide to about 200m depth water

Where no plants are found growing-50m inner sublittoral

Field methods

abiotic factors

transect topography

floristics

biomass

seine/seive diversity animals/abundance

research studies

http://www.tektrak.co.uk/coolanttestrefractometer.html

http://www.connaughton.washcoll.edu/academics/MDIBL/eelgrass/eelgrass1.html

http://www.byrdultrafly.com/altstrip.htm

http://www.seahunters.com/MOOSE/REPORTS/082402_cobia.jpg

http://www.megidish.net/wiki/index.php?title=Zbrush

4 NO 5!

Salinity

http://members.optusnet.com.au/vortex69/MAIN/1-Water_Under.jpg

SEA water

http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/Chem%20and%20Society/IMF_Solutions/olIMF_solutions.htm

water properties

http://7art-screensavers.com/screenshots/landscape/beach-seagull-children-wave.jpg

http://www.ybw.com/forums/showthread.php?t=33129

Max density 4C seawater max density 1.8 and freezes at 1.8

Density mixes ice float insulation

Helps maintain ocean temperature-heat lost to ice goes to atmosphere heat gained molecular energy of water

http://web.vims.edu/bio/zooplankton/?svr=www

http://www.mafengwo.cn/i/145685.html

http://www.freespiritmedia.com/photo_gallery/its_all_about_bilf/sea_fog

Lot of heat to raise temp or lot of heat lost to lower temp 4.184 J raise 1g water 1C

Thermal conductivity-spreads throughout rapidly

Maintenance of salinity of oceans and temp heat lost in tropics falls as rain in temperate/polar gain temp

http://www.libbymt.com/news/2005/12/pic1.htm

http://www.bibleplaces.com/images/supp/Dead%20Sea%20salt%20crystals,%20tb%20q011703.jpg