Napolionic Era
- Plebiscite
- lycees
- Concordat
- Battle of Trafalgar
- The Peninsular War
- Scorched-earth policy
- Battle of Waterloo
- Elba
- 100 Days
- St. Helena
- coup d'etat
Congress of Vienna
- Austria = Metternich
- BBB (bubble France, balance of power, Bourbon power restored)
Greek Independence
- 1st people to win self-rule during era
- Ottomans controlled Balkan region
- Russian assistance (religion & antiquity)
- Battle of Navarino = British, French, and Russians destroyed Ottomans = promise to protect independence
- Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi = Delacroix
Great Britain
- Reform Bill of 1832
- Poor Law Reform
- Chartist Movement = universal male suffrage, parliament pay, no land to hold office/vote
Revolution In France
- AKA The July Revolution, The Second French Revolution
- Overthrow of Charles X and the ascent of Louis-Phillipe
- Hereditary right moves to popular sovereignty
1830s Uprisings Crushed
- Belgium (nationalists challenged Dutch = independence)
- Poland (challenged Russia = year to crush uprising)
- Italy (attempt to unify city-states = crushed by Metternich/Pope)
Revolutions of 1848
- Started in France
- Spark = nationalism, liberalism, republicanism
- Hungary= Czech liberals demanded Bohemian independence, Louis Kossuth = demand for parliament and self-determination
- Riot in Vienna = Metternich resigned
- Lasting reforms = abolition of serfdom in Austria & Hungary and end of absolute monarchy in Denmark
Britian Crushes Great Rebellion in India
Unification of Italy
- Piedmont-Sardinia
- Victor Emmanuel II
- Cavour
- Garibaldi
- Red Shirts
Crimean War
- Czar Nicholas I = wanted access to Black Sea = invaded Ottomans = British and French forces defeat
U.S. Civil War
- Manifest Destiny
- Secede
- Emmancipation Proclamation
German Unification
- Austria vs. Prussia
- Frederick William dies = Wilhelm I = Parliament refused to give $ = turned towards Junkers
- Bismarck = Realpolitik
- 7 Weeks War
- Franco-Prussian War
- 2nd Reich
Congress of Berlin
Scramble for Africa
- Terms: Boers, Afrikaneers, Shaka, Ethiopia & Liberia, Boer War, Cecil Rhodes, Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Maji-Maji Rebellion
Dreyfus Affair
- Controversy surrounding the trial & imprisonment a Jewish army officer who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany
Third Republic in France
- Starts with Napoleon III and ends with German occupation of France during WWII
South African War
Government
British takeover of India complete
British slave trade abolished
Great Famine in Ireland
1st public health law in Britain
European capitalists begin large-scale foreign investment
Japan opened to European influence
Russian Serfs Emancipated
- Alexander II
- Peasant communities received land = 49 years to pay government
- Assassinated
Full property rights for women in Great Britain
Second Industrial Revolution
- Starts with Bessemer & culminates in mass production
- AKA Technological Revolution
Social welfare legislation, Germany
Society & Economy
Napoleon Signs Concordat
Spencer
Comte
Height of French utopian socialism
Nietzche
- German philosopher
- Existentialism
Marx
Mill
Doctrine of Papal Infallibility
Growth of public education in France
Growth of missions in Africa
Religion & Philosophy
First railroad, Great Britain
Freud
- Psychoanalysis
- Id, Ego, Superego
Great Exhibition
Darwin
Suez Canal Opened
Modernization of Paris
Pasteur
Emergence of modern immunology
Electrical Industry
Marie Cure
Trans-Siberian Railroad
Science & Technology
Stael, On Germany
Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People
Hugo, The Hunchback of Notre Dame
Realism
Tolstoy, War & Peace
Impressionism
- Mary Cassatt, Paul Cezanne, Manet, Monet, Renoir
Kipling, White Man's Burden
Arts &
Letters
- Leopold II invades Congo = European powers divide up Africa = OAT (occupy, announce, treaty)
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19th Century
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Mendeleev
- Origin of the Species
- Theory of Evolution
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