Radicals take control and execute the King
Radical Days of the French Revolution
Terror and Danger Grip France: A new committee
The monarchy is abolished
The Election
Questions?
What is suffarage
It means the right to vote, and it had to be excuted to all male citizens not just people who owned land.
Radicals called for election for the election of a new legislative body called the National Conventions.
during the convention of September 1792, people voted to abolish the French monarchy and made the French republic.
The early French republic
The French Republic
During the early days of the republic, the convention decided to put Louis XVI on trial because they thought he was a traitor to France.
Louis XVI was sentenced to death in January of 1793.
Later in October in the same year, Queen Antoinette was also executed. -
-They were both killed by the guillotine
The guillotine beheaded people
-French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system.
*Like the American Revolution before it, the French Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideals, particularly the concepts of popular sovereignty and inalienable rights.
- At war with most of Europe
-Royalists and priests led peasants against government
-Convention created Committee of Public safety
-French overran the Netherlands
- invaded Italy
- battled peasants at home
-Tensions lead to violence
* after countless battles, the revolutionaries thought that the king was in league with the enemies.
* In august 10, 1792 a crowd of parisans ran to the royal palace of the Tuleries and killed all the kings guard.
*The revolutionaries tried to kill the royal family but escaped to the legislative Assembly before they could kill them.
* A month later,citizens attacked the prisons that held nobles and priests. About 1,200 prisoners were killed.
The revolution enters third stage
The Revolution change
"The Incoruptible"
- Born May 6, 1758
- Died July 28, 1794
- Maximilien Robespierre led battle of government with counterrevolutionaries
- Shrewd lawyer and polititian
-Embraced Rosseau's idea
- Promoted religious toleration
-Wanted to abolish slavery
- Ddvocate of democratic reforms (age-of-the-sage.org)
- " Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads" - Robespierre
-Produced the Constitution of 1795.
*The constitution set up a five-man Directory and a two- house legislative. The middle class and the professionals of the bourgeoisie were the dominant force during the third stage of the French Revolution.
*The Directory was weak, and lasted for only about 1795 to 1799. Wars erupted and rising bread prices caused the people to anger, and there were chaos arising from a recent 1797 election, in which supporters of a constitutional monarchy won the most seats in the legislature.
*As this continued, the politicians turned to Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular military hero. The politicians planned to use him to their own advantage, but little did they know that Napoleon would outwit them all to become the ruler of France.
Questions
-It dislodged the old social order, overthrown the monarchy, and brought the church under state control
*Symbols
-"liberty caps" and tricolor confirmed the liberty and equality of all male citizens.
Nationalism spreads
-Nationalism is strong feeling of pride in one devotion in and devotion to one's country,spread throughout France.
As monarchs centralized power loyalty shifted to the king or queen.
*Nationalism helped France to develop a national language which was taught in schools to replace local dialects. This unification of language helped the people of France to feel closer to each other, with more in common.
* Social Reform
Set up state schools to replace religious ones and organized systems to help the poor,old soldiers, and war widows
slave revolt began and the government abolished slavery in France Caribbean colonies.
A nation in arms
-The city of Marseilles roused to a new song called "La Marseillaise," this song will later become the french national anthem.
_It was written and composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792 and adopted in 1795 as the nation's first anthem. The melody is an adaptation of a theme written in 1781 by Giovan Battista Viotti.
Question time?
Bonus question
How did nationalism effect France?
What was the song "la Marseillaise" written by and how did this song come about?
What was the new symbols that confirmed liberty and equality of all male citizens?
Reign of Terror
Interesting Facts!
Sources
-Robespierre was one of the leaders
- September 1793- July 1794
- "Aristocrats, uncooperative priests, monarchist politicians, unsuccessful generals, anyone too moderate or not extreme enough had their necks shaved by the guillotine" (ehistory.osu.edu)
- 300,000 were arrested
- 17,000 were executed
- Invented by Dr. Joseph Guillotin
- Members of Convention feared for their own lives
- Robespierre was arrested then executed
MADAME TUSSAUD'S APPRENTICE the book
Madame Tussaud started out as Maria Gershotlz. Her mother was a maid to a Dr. Philip Curtuis. Dr. Curtius made wax figures, mainly to show new physicians how to operate (doing this on real bodies was illegal in those day!) He took Maria under his wing and began to show her how to do this herself.
Maria is then sent to the guillotine at age 29 because of her nobility, but she has a special skill, She can make wax figures, including heads! So the National Assembly decides they can use her skills to replicate them. Though she had to make a decision if she would.
Marie Antoinette was considered such a woman of fashion, that once when she was at the opera, eight women were injured pushing others out of the way to see what she was wearing: three had their feet crushed, two had ribs broken and three had their arms dislocated.
Louis XIV built Versailles on the site of a small hunting lodge built by his father. The court was previously in Paris; as a boy, Louis was frightened by an uprising during which attempt was made to storm the palace. When grown up, Louis wanted to get away from Paris and from potential danger. He thought Versailles was the answer.
http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_National_convention_in_the_times_of_the_French_Revolution
(http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/peopleview.cfm?PID=317)
(http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/peopleview.cfm?PID=317
(http://www.age-of-the-sage.org/historical/biography/maximilien_robespierre.html)
(http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/peopleview.cfm?PID=317
http://kathleenbennerduble.blogspot.com/2009/03/few-fun-facts-about-french-revolution.html
World History text book
Questions
Why was the Committee of Public Safety created?
What was the Reign of
Terror and who did it affect?
What did Robespierre believe was the only way liberty could be secured?