Challenges to the New Government
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What was the Northwest Territory?
-Washington while a good general-knew the country needed peace
-Problems were happening in the Trans-Appalachian West (Land between Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River)
*Think back to the 1783 Treaty of Paris--what did it say?*
-While there was competition for the land west between Spain, Britain, the US, and the Native Americans
At this time territory was broken down to...
-Spain: most land west of Mississippi; Florida; New Orleans port
-the New Orleans port extremely important--Why?
-Spanish were causing problems here with the Native Americans
-Northwest-conflict between Native Americans and US
Background: the British still had settlements north of the Ohio River (breaking the treaty)
but they supported the Native Americans who were trying to unite and make a nation--British were interested in continuing the fur trade
*This all leads to the Battle of Fallen Timbers...
-Northwest Territory was important to the growth of the US
-Chief Little Turtle asked for the tribes to unite against the settlers
-US Troops are sent to the Ohio River Valley--open to page 282
-1st defeat against Miami tribe (1790)
-2nd defeat in 1791
General Anthony Wayne (aka "Mad Anthony" known for his courage) is sent with 3,000 troops
-Little Turtle tells the tribes that they should negotiate with the settlers-but the tribes do not agree, instead they replace Little Turtle
-Native Americans are defeated by the US troops in what is known as the Battle of Fallen Timbers*
-The Native Americans thought they would get help from the British so they could keep their land--> but they do not!
-12 Native American tribes sign a treaty with the US known as the Treaty of Greenville
-Treaty gave up most of Ohio and Indiana to the US
-Hamilton had established taxes to help pay off America's debt
- One tax was on whiskey--whiskey was created from grain and this tax had a severe effect on the farmers
- Transport was difficult for farmers
- Wheat and rye was better shipped as liquid (whiskey)
- Whiskey also brought in more money
- It was also used for trade for salt, sugar, etc.
- Farmers were feeling mistreated and underrepresented
- This tax lead to a rebellion...
Summer 1794-Western Pennsylvania--farmers joined together
Results: tax collector beat up, horse stole, and other people threatened
Hamilton wanted to stand up against the rebels
October 1794--General Henry Lee, Hamilton, and 13,000 troops entered into Western Pennsylvania
Rebels fled-20 were captured
Why was it so important for this rebellion to be stopped?
The French Revolution
1789, the French revolted against their government because of the financial crisis
• The French wanted to be treated with equality and experience the same liberty as the Americans
• The United States was supportive of the French Revolution until…
• The revolution was violent and thousands were killed
• King Louis XVI was killed
o This caused other European rulers to worry about their positions
• France declared war against Britain, Holland, and Spain (Britain was the leading Holland and Spain in the war)
Remaining Neutral
• Britain was not pleased with America’s decision to be neutral
• 1792, Britain took American cargo ships coming from the French West Indies
• Chief Justice John Jay went to England to talk about the captured ships
Jay was hoping to also talk about the British forts still open in the Northwest Territory
Battle of the Fallen Timbers happened during this time, so Britain agreed to leave the Northwest Territory
They also would pay for the damage to the American ships and cargo
This is known as Jay’s treaty
At the same time, Jay was not able to secure trade with the British West Indies as part of the trade…this made Jay’s treaty unpopular
Challenges to the New Government
Northwest Territory
• United States was left in a bad position because…
o France had helped the US against Britain, BUT the US did not agree with what France was doing
o US and France were connected because of the 1778 treaty
o The French Revolution supported equality and liberty
Jefferson thought it was important to support in every country
o Britain was trade partners with the US
Hamilton wanted to maintain a good relationship and didn’t want to be involved with the British/French conflict
• DECISION: Washington declared the US neutral (not choosing a side)
o Congress made a law that the US could NOT help one country or the other
The Whiskey Rebellion
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• Pinckney’s Treaty
• Treaty made between the US and Spain negotiated by Thomas Pinckney
Allowed Americans to travel along the Mississippi River freely and to keep goods at the New Orleans port without fee
Also, changed the boundary of the US to extend to the northern border of Florida.
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