YODER | ch.5 Ancient Rome | WORLD HISTORY

Ancient

Rome

RISE OF ROME

Rome was located

18 miles inland on the

Tiber River.

REPUBLIC

two groups

1. Plebeians

2. Patricians

PUNIC WARS

The main cause of the Punic Wars was the clash of interests between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic.

FIRST PUNIC WAR

• The war began as a local conflict in Sicily between Hiero II of Syracuse, and the Mamertines of Messina.

• Rome and Carthage both wanted to hold the town of Messina.

• Battle of Agrigentum

- Rome (40,000) & Carthage (50,000)

- After a long siege it resulted both in a Roman victory

• Rome winning battles on the sea

• Assult styles

- CARTHAGE: ramming/sinking ships

- ROME: "assult bridges"

• Rome is victorious

SECOND PUNIC WAR

• The Second Punic War is most remembered for the Carthaginian Hannibal's crossing of the Alps.

• He and his army invaded Italy from the north and resoundingly defeated the Roman army in several battles.

• They ultimate goal of causing a political break between Rome and its allies.

• Eventually, the war was taken to Africa, where Carthage was defeated at the Battle of Zama.

• The end of the war saw Carthage's surrrender their navy and all their territory.

THIRD PUNIC WAR

• Carthage recovered economically

• They paid off their war debts and by the middle of the second century was flourishing.

• The Roman Senate was not pleased with the advancements of Carthage

- Cato made a campaign of it:

"Carthage must be destroyed!"

• The walls of Carthage were torn down, the city put to the torch. The citizens were sold into slavery and the Senate passed a decree that no one could live where Carthage once stood.

FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

NEW ARMY

FIRST TRIUMVIRATE

• First Triumvirate
• Marched on Rome
• Assassinated by senators

in 44 bc

SECOND TRIUMVIRATE

REPUBLIC

beginning of the

roman empire

AGE OF AUGUSTUS

http://www.history.com/video.do?name=Cities_of_the_Underworld&bcpid=1422585382&bclid=1873806917&bctid=1904636034

pax romana

difficulty with expansion

ROMAN CULTURE & SOCIETY

http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=3974&CHAPTER=5

GREEK INFLUENCE

captial projects

http://www.history.com/video.do?name=ancientdiscoveries&bcpid=1766638671&bclid=1672160985&bctid=1659894817

Roman poets

• Virgil - Aeneid
• Horace - Satires

LIFE IN

ANCIENT ROME

paterfamilias

women

no male guardians

own, sell, or inhert land

socialize with men outside the home

SLAVES

tutors, doctors, household workers,

builders, or farmer

ROME

1 MILLION PEOPLE

OVERCROWDED

DIRTY

NOISY

THE DEVELOPMENT

OF CHRISTIANITY

ROMAN RELIGION

pagan state

toleration

conquered religions accepted

and

emperors made gods by the SENATE

jupiter

neptune

minerva

mars

ROMAN PROVINCE

OF JUDAEA

sadducees

essenes

zealots

• taught throughout Judaea and Galilee
• transformation of inner person
• teachings

- humility, charity, and love

• Jesus as a rebel?

- Pontius Pilate:

> governor of Judaea

> judge at Jesus' trial

> authorized his crucifixion

jesus

christianity

• Gospels

• 100 ad churches in major Roman cities

• Christianity in conflict with Greco-Roman World

• Roman Religion

- Impersonal and existed for the good of Rome

• Christian Religion

- Personal and promised salvation to individuals

• Constantine (312): First Christian Emperor

• Theodosius (378 - 395): Christianity as official

religions of Roman Empire

Christians refused to worship state gods,

or the emperor as a God

DECLINE

AND

FALL

THE FALL

DIOCLETIAN

• divided empire into 4 units

- Tetrarchy "Rule by 4"

• enlarged army and civil services
• controling inflation

CONSTANTINE

• expanded Diocletian policies
• built Constantinople (modern day Istanbul, Turkey)
• enlarged army and civil services

THE DECLINE

• western empire

- Visigoths crossed Danube

> Sacked Rome (410 ad)

- Vandals from Northern Africa

> Sacked Rome (476 ad)

> End of Western Empire

• eastern empire

- continued to thrive

- known as Byzantine Empire

THEORIES FOR THE DECLINE

AND FALL

1. WEAKENING OF MILITARY VIRTUES

2. VALUES DECLINE AS NON-ITALIANS GAIN PROMINANCE

3. LEAD POSINING FROM LEAD WATER PIPES

4. PLAGUE

5. FAILED TO ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY

6. NO WORKABLE POLITICAL SYSTEM

chapter 5 project

"all roads lead to rome"

264-241bc

218-201bc

149-146bc

http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=-1&CHAPTER=5

HANNIBAL

ROMAN CLOTHING

3.5 million square miles

50 million people

augustus - tiberius - caligula - claudius - nero

"the Roman Peace"

27bc - 180 ad

"revered one"

AUGUSTUS

GREEK

zeus -

poseidon -

athena -

ares -

ROMAN

107 bc

• loyalty to generals
• promised land
• poor citizens

• lived apart from society
• waiting for God to save Israel from oppression

• wanted to cooperate with the Romans
• following religious law would protect Jews from Romans

http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078745256&VIDEO=3973&CHAPTER=5

• called for violent overthrow of Roman rule
• revolt began in 66 ad
• Romans crushed it 4 years later
• destroyed temple of Jerusalem

roman senate

JULIUS CAESAR

CRASSUS - POMPEY - JULIUS CAESAR

OCTAVIAN - ANTONY - LEPIDUS

END OF

The Colosseum in Rome, Italy.

2nd Century

insulae

family was the basic unit of society that

was headed by the dominant male