ASC Presentation - Agricultural Innovations, Alternative Food Networks, Eco-social Design

Agricultural Innovations

& Alternative Food Networks

for Nutrition Security

& Rural Development

-- A Proposal for Eco-Social Design

Shun-Nan Chiang

PhD Student, Sociology Department

University of California, Santa Cruz

Background Introduction

Self Introduction

6 weeks

in the Philippines

University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC)

Shunnan Chiang

Taiwan: BA, MA in Sociology

Since 1967: Agroecology & Organic Farming

Conferences/Events

Discussion

with Scholars

US: PhD Sociology Program

Research and Work

Food Activism in UCSC and Santa Cruz

• 15 scholars from UPLB, IRRI, and other institutions
• Agriculture, Nutrition, Social Sciences

• ADB: Food Security Forum
• FNRI: Nutrition Series Seminar
• International Conference on Philippines Studies
• UPOU Organic Agriculture Course (ongoing)

• Study knowledge systems of healthy diet in Taiwan
• Study knowledge systems of ecological farming in Taiwan
• Project manager of Civil Agriculture Project
• Study history and development of Western nutrition science in Taiwan
• Assisting research on innovation process and engineer training in univeristy electrical engineering laboratories in Taiwan

Agrifood Studies in UCSC

Visits

secondary

materials

Dissertation Project

• IRRI Genetic Transformation Laboratory
• Work on an organic farm in Calauan
• "Farm Farm Away" -- Nu Wave Farmers
• UPOU Farmer’s Market
• UPLB Gender Center
• Some restaurants & coffee shops
• IRRI Rice World Museum
• MASIPAG

Research Approach

• UPLB Libraries
• Ateneo de Manila University Library - Microfilm Collection
• UPLB Gender Center
• Several Bookstores

Original Research Focus

- Agrifood and Agrarian Studies

- Global Food Systems

- Food, Health, and Culture

- Agrarian transformation

- Social Studies of Science and Technology

• Agricultural Innovations for nutrition security
• How different innovations may influence existing communities and lead to different rural development

- Knowledge production process

- Different knowledge systems and local knowledge

- Interaction between science and society

- Development Studies

- The meaning of development and growth

- social change

Current Status

Methodology

Learning

Tagalog

Experiencing

Philippines

• Developing dissertation proposal
• Focus on different kinds of agricultural innovations for nutrition security in the Philippines
• Focus on emerging alternative food movements in the Philippines
• Focus on issues around urbanization and rural development

• Ethnography
• Semi-structured interview
• Policy and discourse analysis
• Statistical analysis
• Survey

A Proposal for

Eco-Social Design

Alternative

Agri-Food Network

Agricultural Innovations

for Nutrition

Preliminary Questions

Alternative Food Networks (AFNs)

• What kinds of farmers could adapt a specific kind of agricultural innovation?
• ADB - Food Security Forum: High Level Technology

• What kinds of organic farming -- Who are consumers?

• What kinds of organization for supporting innovations or AFNs

• How technological innovations may influence gender division of labor in the household?

• What kinds of markets? Who will benefit from the market?

• How will rural community transform with the technology adaption?

Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture

Aim

Maximize agriculture's contribution to nutrition

Position Western nutritional science as the central concern of agricultural development

Since 2000s

• The concept is developed in the U.S. and western Europe but has different implications in different regions.
• Shorten the distance between consumers and farmers
• Re-shape production process and methods
• Organic farming & agroecology
• Re-define "quality" of food produce
• "Ugly vegetables"
• Create different markets or reform/intervene existing market
• labeling/certificate, farmers market, Fair Trade Community-supported Agriculture

Support from

International NGOs

Nutrition and agricultural sciences

2016 The World Food Prize

Orange-fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP)

for Vitamin A deficiency

(Traditional Breeding)

• Tackle the ecological issues and social issues in the same project

National Policy

• Consider ecological innovations and social innovations at the same time

“Farm Tourism Development Act of 2016"

FNRI

Iron Rice Premix

Urban Agriculture: P75 Million allocated by Department of Agriculture

IRRI

Genetically Modified Iron-Fortified Rice

Monday, July 11, 2016

Food Value Chain

Eco-Social Network

Urban Garden

for Urban Poor

• The DA has allocated Php75 million this year in starting urban gardening programs.

• Agriculture Secretary Manny Piñol calls the project Vegetable Gardens in the City.

• This will be done in partnerships with the local government units (LGUs) and urban poor families will be the participants.

http://www.agricultureph.com/2016/07/urban-agriculture-p75-million-allocated.html

School

Garden

Business Network

• SEARCA School Garden & Home Garden Project
• Calauan Organic Agriculture Association

Trijatmiko, K.R., Dueñas, C., Tsakirpaloglou, N., Torrizo, L., Arines, F.M., Adeva, C., Balindong, J., Oliva, N., Sapasap, M.V., Borrero, J., et al. (2016). Biofortified indica rice attains iron and zinc nutrition dietary targets in the field. Scientific Reports 6, 19792.

Farm Tourism

MASIPAG

Costales Nature Farm, Laguna

First accredited agri-tourism destination

Permaculture

Eco-Social Design

Farmer-centered

Innovation

Designing the local ecological system

iron

Scenario

Farmer Market

Brown Rice

Imaging situations where the innovations could be applied

• The "realization" of "imaging the world we want to live in" and A practical tool for mapping the future.

Alternative Food Networks

around

Los Banos

Consumer-Supported Agriculture

Design

Feminist Philosopher

Home Gardening

Responsibility = Response-Ability "Response" rather than "React"

• Detailed planning of the project and Practice-oriented

New generation farmers

Trijatmiko, K.R., Dueñas, C., Tsakirpaloglou, N., Torrizo, L., Arines, F.M., Adeva, C., Balindong, J., Oliva, N., Sapasap, M.V., Borrero, J., et al. (2016). Biofortified indica rice attains iron and zinc nutrition dietary targets in the field. Scientific Reports 6, 19792.

• International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)
• Bio-intensive Gardening (BIG)

Speculative Fabrication

Inspiration from

Indigenous Knowledge

Nu Wave Farmers ＠ Farm Farm Ａｗａｙ

Social Enterprise

Imagine a world we want to live in

PhilRice

Malunggay Fortified Rice Cracker

• Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Center (MBRLC)
• FAITH technique: "Food Always In The Home

• Cross-disciplinary & Trans-academic

Culturally Situated Design

Farm-to-Folk

Restaurant

Organization focusing on solving social problems and making profit to sustain itself

Organic

Agriculture

Multidirectional Modernization

• Helen Keller International (HKI)
• Homestead Food Production Model

1978 Oxfam

Socially appropriate technology

Nutrition-oriented agriculture

• There are many other Malunggay-fortified products

• World Vegetable Center
• Home Vegetable Garden

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256378598_Acceptability_Shelf_Life_and_Nutritional_Quality_of_Moringa-Supplemented_Rice_Crackers

Reflecting OA & AFNs

Reflections

1. What kind of nutritional knowledge is distributed with different types of innovation?

Unintentional Consequences of Fortification

PH among world’s fastest growing meat consumers, say experts

Philippine Daily Inquirer June 25th, 2016

• Vitamin A fortified sugar

• Relying on consumer's "demand" and preference
• Kale as fashion
• Industrialization of organic farming
• MB owner in Calauan
• Premium price may lead to health disparity in urban area
• The implication of "Local"
• Good example:
• Calauan OA farmer
• MASIPAG

• The Hotdog as Source of Essential Nutrients

• The top 10 countries by forecast growth in beef, pork and chicken consumption from 2011 to 2021 include the Philippines.

• 1986, per capita consumption of meat was less than 15 kilograms per person per year. Now it’s 35 kg per person per year,

• Eighty percent of the pork are imported

• The lowest vegetable intake in Asia

How farmers, scientists, NGOs, and consumers (eaters) may work together to design the future of food and rural area.

• Obesity & Westernized diet & Transnational food industry

2. What is the role of "farmer" in different innovation?

3. What will be the influence on long-term rural development?

• Cross-disciplinary and Trans-academic

• How social scientists could contribute?

• How to bring the knowledge of natural and social scientists together?

• UPLB -- Many interdisciplinary collaborations!

Maraming Salamat sa Inyong pakikinig!