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Unifying

Italy

Chapter 22 Section 3

Warfare and foreign rule led people to identify with local regions

Hapsburg Monarchs had various states

Revolts exploded between 1820 to 1848

The Tide of Nations

Challenges Facing the New Nation

Turmoil

Progress

Divisions

Obstacles to Italian Unity

Austria controlled North Italy

Florence-Tuscans

Venice-Venetians

Naples-Neapolites

Florence-Tuscans

French Bourbon had the South

Young Italy

1830s, Nationalist, Giuseppe Mazzini

1848, revolutionary republic in Rome, France always won

Common sense for unity

Reminded Italians of glory of Ancient Rome and medieval papacy

Smart economic sense

End trade barriers between states

stimulate industry

Struggle for Italy

Italian Nationalists movement passed to the Kingdom of Sardinia

Victor Emmanuel made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister. Cavour was a monarchist that believe in Real politik.

He began to reform Sardinia's Economy. Caour's long term goal was to end Austrian power in Italy and annex its provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.

Led by Cavour, Sardinia joined Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia. Sardinia didn't win territory but did gain the attention of Napoleon III. Cavour negotiated a secret deal with Napoleon, who promised to aid Sardinia in war, against Austria. A year later Cavour provoked Austria but with France's help defeated Austria, and annexed Lombardy.

Chapter 23-Section 3

Garibaldi is a nationalist and ally of Mazzini.

Mazzini wants to create an Italian republic.

Garibaldi's "Red Shirts" consisted of 1,000 red shirted and armed volunteers.

Red Shirts won control of Sicily, crossed to mainland and then marched to Naples.

Cavour feared Garibaldi's success would lead to a republic in the South so he had Emmanuel send troops to stop Garibaldi.

But this resulted in Emmanuel joining forces with the Red Shirts.

Garibaldi turned over Naples and Sicily to Emmanuel.

Italy acquires Venetia.

Italy becomes an united land.

Italy had no tradition of unity, so few Italians felt lies to the new nation.

Italy was a

constitutional

monarchy

Radicals struggled against a conservative government

Socialists organized strikes, Anarchists turned to sabotage and violence

Government extended suffrage to more men

Laws passed improved social conditions

Italy developed economically

Lacked important natural resources, industries started anyways

Peasants came to cities to find jobs

Campaigned for improved education and working conditions

Population explosion created tension,

Italians moved

Greatest regional difference between North & South

North- Rich

South- poor

Roman Catholic church and Italy were hostile towards each other.

Popes urged Italian Catholics

to not cooperate with the new government

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