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Warfare and foreign rule led people to identify with local regions
Hapsburg Monarchs had various states
Revolts exploded between 1820 to 1848
The Tide of Nations
Austria controlled North Italy
Florence-Tuscans
Venice-Venetians
Naples-Neapolites
Florence-Tuscans
French Bourbon had the South
Young Italy
1830s, Nationalist, Giuseppe Mazzini
1848, revolutionary republic in Rome, France always won
Common sense for unity
Reminded Italians of glory of Ancient Rome and medieval papacy
Smart economic sense
End trade barriers between states
stimulate industry
Italian Nationalists movement passed to the Kingdom of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister. Cavour was a monarchist that believe in Real politik.
He began to reform Sardinia's Economy. Caour's long term goal was to end Austrian power in Italy and annex its provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.
Led by Cavour, Sardinia joined Britain and France in the Crimean War against Russia. Sardinia didn't win territory but did gain the attention of Napoleon III. Cavour negotiated a secret deal with Napoleon, who promised to aid Sardinia in war, against Austria. A year later Cavour provoked Austria but with France's help defeated Austria, and annexed Lombardy.
Chapter 23-Section 3
Garibaldi is a nationalist and ally of Mazzini.
Mazzini wants to create an Italian republic.
Garibaldi's "Red Shirts" consisted of 1,000 red shirted and armed volunteers.
Red Shirts won control of Sicily, crossed to mainland and then marched to Naples.
Cavour feared Garibaldi's success would lead to a republic in the South so he had Emmanuel send troops to stop Garibaldi.
But this resulted in Emmanuel joining forces with the Red Shirts.
Garibaldi turned over Naples and Sicily to Emmanuel.
Italy acquires Venetia.
Italy becomes an united land.
Italy had no tradition of unity, so few Italians felt lies to the new nation.
Italy was a
constitutional
monarchy
Radicals struggled against a conservative government
Socialists organized strikes, Anarchists turned to sabotage and violence
Government extended suffrage to more men
Laws passed improved social conditions
Italy developed economically
Lacked important natural resources, industries started anyways
Peasants came to cities to find jobs
Campaigned for improved education and working conditions
Population explosion created tension,
Italians moved
Greatest regional difference between North & South
North- Rich
South- poor
Roman Catholic church and Italy were hostile towards each other.
Popes urged Italian Catholics
to not cooperate with the new government