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Cause: soldiers' morale began to decline; lack of adequate preparation from commanders of the 2nd and 3rd armies and commader in chief
Effect: Italy collapsed in despair
Long-Term Effect: couple with other wars against the Allied favor, the United states with the promise of fresh troops, stiffened the resolve of the allies
Chapter 26:
War and Revolution
Russian Revolution of 1917 directly related to the growing tensions of WWI, it had significance far beyond the wartime agonies of a single European nation
closely connected to the ideals and developments of the previous century; enormous impact on next century
led Europe into war
collapse of Italian army
mass deportation of Armenian citizens from Ottoman lands
fight for communism control in Russia
French attacked a gap in the German line; France miraculously saved
Cause: dead-tired German soldiers were advancing slowly along an enormous front
Effect: France defeated the Germans and saved itself from German overtake
Long-Term Effect: with the armies stalled, both sides began to dig trenches to protect themselves from machine gun fire
Cause: Gavrilo Princip in the name of Yugoslav nationalism to free from Austria
Effect: Independent Serbia eager to build a state that would include all ethnic Serbs; openly hostile to Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire
Long Term Effect: World War I
Cause: some Armenians welcomed Russian armies as liberators after years of persecution
Effect: Ottoman gov't ordered a mass deportation of its Armenian citizens from their homeland
Long-Term Effect: A million Armenians died from murder, starvation, and disease
Cause: WWI end; destruction of the democratically elected Constituent Assembly
Effect: Bolsheviks won an impressive victory
Long Term Effect: Russia remained communist
led Bolshevik Revolution; updated Marx's revolutionary philosophy to address existing conditions in Russia
assassinated by Serbian nationalist; triggered World War I
greatly strengthened idealism; peace proposal of Fourteen Points included League of Nations
failed German plan calling for a lightning attack through neutral Belgium and a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia
Lenin's radical, revolutionary arm of the Russian party of Marxian socialism, which successfully installed a dictatorial socialist regime in Russia
the 1919 peace settlement that ended war between Germany and the Allied powers
a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals modeled on the revolutionary soviets of 1905