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Focus Question: What events
helped bring about the
Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution will
start in Great Britain around mid
1700s.
Not a fasting moving revolution but
rather a long,slow, uneven process where
production changes from hand tools to
big machines.
1750: British Life
~ worked land w/ simple tools
~ lived in simple cottages
~ fires and candles
~ made own clothing
1850: villages had grown into
industrial towns & cities.
People started buying products that
other people had made.
Other Firsts during 1800s:
~Travelers used trains and
steamships.
~Messages sent by telegraph
~American dentist used an
anesthetic
~Antiseptic used to reduce
women dying in childbirth
Change in the
farming fields of Western Europe made possible part of the Industrial Revolution.
After the 1st farming revolution, a 2nd occurred
that improved quality and quantity of food
produced.
Farmers mixed different soils to make them more fertile.
New methods of crop rotation were used.
Farmers urged to plant turnips to replenish the soil.
Jethro Tull invented the seed drill
Rich landowners started a process called "Enclosure" to have more land
for sheep increasing wool production.
As farm enclosure increased, farm output increased
Larger fields needed fewer workers, profit increased
Farm laborers out of work & small farmers lost farms
Jobless farmers migrated to cities looking for work
This created a large potential labor group
Population grew by millions
~Surplus of food created
~People ate better & were healthy
~Better hygiene & sanitation
~Improved medical care
A second factor starting the I.R.
was new technology.
New technology was helped by new
sources of energy, new materials, & owners changing the way work was done.
1712: Thomas Newcomen
~steam engine powered by coal
to pump water out of mines.
James Watt improved Newcomen's engine
& would later be able to power trains and
steamships
Coal is also used to produce high grade iron by
process called smelting.
High grade iron developed by Darby and is very
strong and durable.