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Copy of Science: Chapter 2 Classifying Animals
6
Transcript
Chapter 2: Classifying Animals
BACKBONE
A backbone is a series of bones that runs down the back of some animals.
VERTEBRATE
A vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone.
Are humans like you and me vertebrates?
How do you know?
MAMMALS
A mammal is an animal that has hair or fur and produces milk for its young.
Mammals need oxygen and breathe with lungs.
Some mammals live underwater such as dolphins, whales, and sea lions.
How do you think they breathe?
BIRDS
A bird is a vertebrate that has feathers, lungs, wings, and two legs.
Birds lay eggs with hard shells.
Birds are able to fly due to their hollow bones.
What do you think hollow means?
FISH
Fish are vertebrates that live in water.
Most fish are covered in scales. Scales are covered in a layer of slime that helps to keep them waterproof.
Fish need oxygen to live, but they do not breathe with lungs. Fish breathe with gills.
REPTILES
A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin and lays eggs on land.
Reptile eggs are tough and leathery.
Reptiles breathe with lungs, even crocodiles and alligators who spend most of their time in water. They come to the surface to get oxygen.
Reptiles can live in many different environments.
AMPHIBIANS
An amphibian is a vertebrate that starts life in the water and then lives on land as an adult.
Amphibians hatch from eggs.
Young amphibians breathe with gills and have tails to help them swim.
As they grow, amphibians develop lungs and legs, which allows them to spend the rest of their life on land.
Lesson 1
Review
What are the 5 groups of vertebrates?
What are the main traits of each group?
How are the words "vertebrate" and "backbone" related to one another?
Invertebrates
Most of the animals on Earth are invertebrates.
You already learned that vertebrates are animals that have a backbone.
What do you think invertebrates are?
Sponges
Sponges are animals that move very little. Their bodies are full of holes. Sponges filter tiny bits of food from the water.
Sea Stars and Sea Urchins
Sea stars and sea urchins have spiny body coverings. Neither animal has a head, but they both have a mouth. they move and capture food using tiny suction cups called tube feet.
Where do you think a sea stars mouth is?
Worms
Worms have soft, tube-shaped bodies with no legs, eyes, or shells. Worms live in water, in soil, or even inside other animals.
Corals and Jellies
Corals and jellies are underwater animals. They have soft bodies, but some corals have hard outer skeletons. they both have mouths and armlike parts called tentacles. When food floats by, these animals use their tentacles to grab it and put it into their mouth.
Snails and Squids
Snails, squid, octopus, clams, oysters, and scallops all belong to the same group called mollusks. They have soft bodies. All of these animals, except for the octopus, have a shell.
Arthropods
The largest group of invertebrates is the arthropod group. An arthropod is an invertebrate that has jointed legs, a body with two or more sections, and a hard outer covering. The hard outer covering is called an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton protects and supports the animal.
Butterflies and Ants
The largest group of arthropods includes butterflies and ants. These insects have three body sections and six legs. They may or may not have wings.
Centipedes and Millipedes
Centipedes and millipedes have segmented bodies. Centipedes have one pair of leggs on each segment, while millipedes have two pairs of legs on each segment.
Spiders
Spiders have eight jointed legs, two body sections, jaws, and fangs. Many spiders spin webs.
Crabs, Lobsters, and Crayfish
Another group of arthropods includes crabs, lobsters, and crayfish. many animals in this group have an exoskeleton that is very hard, like a shell.
Lesson 2 Review
What are the 6 groups of invertebrates?
Why are insects, lobsters, and spiders all classified as arthropods?
Extinct Animals
Fossils help scientists learn about plants and animals that are extinct.
An extinct species is one that has disappeared.
Some modern animals resemble extinct species. These animals may or may not be related.
Modern crocodiles are probably the most similar to their extinct relatives.
One reason a species may become extinct is if their habitat changes.
A habitat is the place where a plant or animal lives.
If a habitat changes, living things there may not be able to find food, water, or shelter.
Some species of plants and animals are still in danger of becoming extinct.
An endangered species is one that has so few members that the entire species is in danger of becoming extinct.
Laws have been passed in order to protect plants and animals that are in danger of becoming extinct.
Why do you think it is important to protect endangered species?
There are only about 50 Florida panthers left in Florida, the only place they live.
The Eurasian peregrine falcon was unable to reproduce because they ate poisons used for killing insects.
Queen Alexandra's birdwing butterfly is the largest butterfly known. Its wingspan can be as long as 1 foot. It lives only in the rainforests of New Guinea, which are being cut down.
Why might a species become extinct if its habitat is destroyed?
A lot of the time, who is responsible for animals becoming endangered?
How can this be changed?
What can fossils tell us about an extinct species?
Vertebrates
(cc) photo by jimmyharris on Flickr