Spain Takes Over The Philippines
- After the Spanish conquered the Philippines, it became a key link in Spain's overseas trading empire.
- The Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru across the Pacific to the Philippines.
- They used the silver to buy goods in China.
Rise of the Dutch
- in 1602, a group of wealthy Dutch merchants formed the Dutch East India Company
- the Dutch East India Company could build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory
- came to dominate the region
in 1641, Dutch captured Malacca from the Portuguese and opened trade with China
- were soon able to enforce monopoly in the Spice Islands
- in the long run, the Dutch built up a strong presence in Southeast Asia
Rise Of The Dutch
Mughal Decline
- The Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade.
- The Netherlands were part of the Holy Roman Empire, but gained its independence.
- The Dutch set up Capetown.
- The Netherlands had a secure foothold in the region.
- Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade
- 1599: Dutch fleet returned to Amsterdam from Asia after being gone for a year
Mughal India and European Traders
- Enjoyed a period of peace, prosperity, and strength.
- Center of the valuable spice trade.
- World leader in textile manufacturing.
- Richer, larger, and more powerful empire than any other kingdom.
- East India companies from the Netherlands, England, and France.
- Took over local Rajahs
- Companies made the local sepoys into armies of their own.
The Portuguese Builds A Trading Empire
Mughal Decline
- Military and merchant outposts.
- Used the cities they captured on the east coast of Africa to resupply and repair their ships.
- Portugal controlled the spice trade.
- Portuguese had sea power, but lacked resources.
- Tried to convert Muslims into Christians.
- Conflicts with Hindu and Muslim princes rekindled.
- Civil war.
- Drained resources
- Rulers had increased taxes due to resources being drained.
- Led to rebellion.
- Corruption became widespread, central govt. collapsed.
Ferdinand Magellan
- Portuguese explorer and navigator.
- Although he was Portuguese he was sponsored by Spain.
- Claimed the Philippines for Spain.
- Spain later conquered and colonized the islands, renaming them for the Spanish King Phillip II.
- Philippines were easily conquered due to not being united.
- Opened the way for missionaries to spread Christianity throughout the Philippines.
- Initiated the Ottoman-Portuguese war.
- First European to enter Persian Gulf, Red Sea.
- Used tactics of cutting off other opponents.
- Closed off naval passages that lead from the Indian ocean into the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Pacific, making it a mare clausum.
- Enabled Portugal to become the first global empire.
- "Caesar of the East"
Goa and Malacca
- Goa
- Island of Goa off the coast of India
- Major military and commercial base.
- Malacca
- Port city of Malacca located in the East Indies.
- Seagoing trade between China and India.
- Originally controlled by Muslims
- Portuguese conquered it and killed the cities Muslims.
- Made into a Portuguese military base for ship repairs, food, etc.
Afonso de Albuquerque
- Portuguese general and leader of exploration
- Increased Asian spice trade in Portugal
- Wanted to spread footholds to Asia
- Tried to spread trade between Europe and Asia
- Won over local princes of the Mughal Empire, offered protection from other Europeans.
- Took over Malacca and Goa.
- Very violent, burned coastal towns.
- When he took over Malacca, he persecuted Muslims as part of his goal of spreading Christianity
European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia