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Spain Takes Over The Philippines

  • After the Spanish conquered the Philippines, it became a key link in Spain's overseas trading empire.
  • The Spanish shipped silver mined in Mexico and Peru across the Pacific to the Philippines.
  • They used the silver to buy goods in China.

Rise of the Dutch

- in 1602, a group of wealthy Dutch merchants formed the Dutch East India Company

- the Dutch East India Company could build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory

- came to dominate the region

in 1641, Dutch captured Malacca from the Portuguese and opened trade with China

- were soon able to enforce monopoly in the Spice Islands

- in the long run, the Dutch built up a strong presence in Southeast Asia

Rise Of The Dutch

Mughal Decline

  • The Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade.
  • The Netherlands were part of the Holy Roman Empire, but gained its independence.
  • The Dutch set up Capetown.
  • The Netherlands had a secure foothold in the region.
  • Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge Portuguese domination of Asian trade
  • 1599: Dutch fleet returned to Amsterdam from Asia after being gone for a year

Mughal India and European Traders

  • Enjoyed a period of peace, prosperity, and strength.
  • Center of the valuable spice trade.
  • World leader in textile manufacturing.
  • Richer, larger, and more powerful empire than any other kingdom.

  • East India companies from the Netherlands, England, and France.
  • Took over local Rajahs
  • Companies made the local sepoys into armies of their own.

The Portuguese Builds A Trading Empire

Mughal Decline

  • Military and merchant outposts.
  • Used the cities they captured on the east coast of Africa to resupply and repair their ships.
  • Portugal controlled the spice trade.
  • Portuguese had sea power, but lacked resources.
  • Tried to convert Muslims into Christians.
  • Conflicts with Hindu and Muslim princes rekindled.
  • Civil war.
  • Drained resources
  • Rulers had increased taxes due to resources being drained.
  • Led to rebellion.
  • Corruption became widespread, central govt. collapsed.

Ferdinand Magellan

Albuquerque (cont.)

  • Portuguese explorer and navigator.
  • Although he was Portuguese he was sponsored by Spain.
  • Claimed the Philippines for Spain.
  • Spain later conquered and colonized the islands, renaming them for the Spanish King Phillip II.
  • Philippines were easily conquered due to not being united.
  • Opened the way for missionaries to spread Christianity throughout the Philippines.
  • Initiated the Ottoman-Portuguese war.
  • First European to enter Persian Gulf, Red Sea.
  • Used tactics of cutting off other opponents.
  • Closed off naval passages that lead from the Indian ocean into the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Pacific, making it a mare clausum.
  • Enabled Portugal to become the first global empire.
  • "Caesar of the East"

Goa and Malacca

  • Goa
  • Island of Goa off the coast of India
  • Major military and commercial base.
  • Malacca
  • Port city of Malacca located in the East Indies.
  • Seagoing trade between China and India.
  • Originally controlled by Muslims
  • Portuguese conquered it and killed the cities Muslims.
  • Made into a Portuguese military base for ship repairs, food, etc.

Afonso de Albuquerque

  • Portuguese general and leader of exploration
  • Increased Asian spice trade in Portugal
  • Wanted to spread footholds to Asia
  • Tried to spread trade between Europe and Asia
  • Won over local princes of the Mughal Empire, offered protection from other Europeans.
  • Took over Malacca and Goa.
  • Very violent, burned coastal towns.
  • When he took over Malacca, he persecuted Muslims as part of his goal of spreading Christianity

European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia

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