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Overview of Medical Cannabis Laws around the World

con el apoyo de

The origins

of cannabis prohibition

The beginning

  • 1996: California is the first state to legalise medical cannabis.

The beginning

  • 2001: The Netherlands is the first country to legalise medical cannabis.

California

  • 5 November 1996, state voters approved Proposition 215 (also known as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996) with 56% majority.

California

  • The proposition added Section 11362.5 to the California Health and Safety Code, modifying state law to allow people with cancer, anorexia, AIDS, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraines or other chronic illnesses the legal right to obtain or grow, and use marijuana for medical purposes when recommended by a doctor.

Link to Proposition 215:

https://goo.gl/HRLA6k

Netherlands

  • On January 1, 2001, The Office of Medicinal Cannabis was founded and the Netherlands became authorized to allow the cultivation of cannabis for medicinal purposes, as articulated by the United Nations (UN) (1961).

Netherlands

  • September 2003, for the first time, medicinal cannabis was available in the pharmacy.

International legal situation

International legal situation

Europe

Austria

Austria

  • July 9, 2008: The Parliament approved cannabis cultivation for scientific and medical uses.

  • Cannabis cultivation is controlled by the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES).

Link to AGES:

https://goo.gl/uihQiP

  • THC as a pure substance can be dispensed in Austria as a medicine prepared by a pharmacy for individual use.

Belgium

Belgium

  • June 11, 2015: A Royal Decree was made that allows pharmacies to distribute medicines containing THC (Sativex).
  • Federal Agenfy for Medicines and Health Products (AFMPS) oversees medical cannabis.

Link to AFMPS FAQ (in French):

https://goo.gl/A4pJwU

  • Patients in Belgium have the option of obtaining Sativex with a prescription.

Croatia

Croatia

  • October 2015: Croatia passed a set of laws legalizing medical cannabis.
  • The Immunological Intitute is responsible for medical cannabis import and distribution.

Link to The Immunological Institute (in Croatian):

https://goo.gl/r3vsJ5

Czech Republic

Czech Republic

  • December 7, 2012: A bill is passed that allows cannabis to be legally sold in pharmacies to patients with a prescription.
  • The State Agency for Medical Cannabis is responsible for granting licenses to grow medical cannabis, the purchase of medical cannabis, and its distribution.

Link to Agency:

https://goo.gl/tCsaS

Denmark

Denmark

  • 2011: Danish Medicines Agency approved medical use of cannabis derivatives.
  • Sativex, Marinol and Nabilone are available on prescription.
  • Danish Medicines Agency has publised a memorandum on the issue.

Link to memo:

https://goo.gl/6on8io

Finland

Finland

  • 2012: The Finnish Medicines Agency (FIMEA) authorised Sativex as prescription only medicine.
  • Finland imports Bedrocan, Bediol and Bedica for compassionate use.

Link to Sativex regulations (in Finnish):

https://goo.gl/tmxPao

  • See Danish Medicines Agency memorandum for more information.

France

France

  • June 8, 2013: Cannabis deriverates can be used in the manufacturing of medical products.
  • All cannabis products must be approved by the National Medical Safety Agency (ANSM).

Link to law (in french):

https://goo.gl/5tGg1q

  • Sativex is not available for patients.

Germany

Germany

  • March 10, 2017: The legal draft on the legalization of medical cannabis took effect.
  • A cannabis agency is being established that will oversee domestical cultivation, processing, etc., of medical cannabis.
  • The government issued a tender to invite bids for domestic cultivation licences.

Link to information for patients (in German):

https://goo.gl/sLzqXG

Greece

Greece

  • 2017: Joint ministerial decision was made to legalize the use of medical cannabis.
  • March 2018: Greece’s parliament has approved a bill allowing the production of medicinal cannabis.

Link to Ministry of Health's official announcement (in Greek):

https://goo.gl/yPDLLq

Italy

Italy

  • January 2013: The Minister of Health signed a bill allowing the medicinal use of cannabis.
  • Patients are permitted to obtain a legal supply of medical cannabis from licenced, state-run pharmacies.

Link to Ministry of Health's information:

https://goo.gl/j2KSHb

  • General Directorate of Medical Devices and Pharmaceutical Service of the Ministry of Health carries out the functions for the state's organization of cannabis.

Luxembroug

Luxembourg

  • 27 October 2017: The Governing Council approved access to cannabis for medical purposes at the national level.
  • April 2018 - work on draft law is almost complete. 2 years pilot project will start soon.

Link to Ministry of Health's information (French):

https://goo.gl/xBmTkX

  • Since 2012 cannabinoid medicines can be prescribes in the Grand Duchy. Since 2015 Sativex is also authorized in Luxembourg.

Macedonia

Macedonia

  • February 9, 2016: The Macedonian Parliament Health Committee gave its approval for the legalization of medical cannabis.
  • As of June 2016, patients are allowed to buy oil with 0.2 per cent cannabinoids or less without a prescription. More concentrated forms require prescription (https://goo.gl/u36Yz1).

Link to law:

https://goo.gl/wNxTos

Malta

Malta

  • 26 March 2016: The amendments to the Drug Dependence Act (Treatment not Imprisonment) were enacted by Maltese parliament after its third and final reading.
  • The law will allow family doctors to prescribe non-smoking forms of medical cannabis to patients, who will be able to access it at pharmacies with a prescription after a control card has been approved by the Superintendent of Public Health.

Link to law:

https://goo.gl/5qAQKZ

Netherlands

The Netherlands

  • January 1, 2001: The Office of Medicinal Cannabis (OMC) was founded as a part of the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports.
  • The Netherlands became authorized to allow the cultivation of cannabis for medicinal purposes as articulated by the United Nations.

Link to OMC:

https://goo.gl/8b5vwD

  • The OMC is responsible for all cultivation of cannabis for medicinal and scientific purposes, and has an absolute monopoly on all transactions regarding these products, including import and export.

Norway

Norway

  • 2012: The Norwegian Medicines Agency approved the cannabis spray branded Sativex for use in treating MS and chronic pain.
  • In June 2013, the first cancer patient was prescribed Bediol at Sørlandet Hospital.

Link to NMA's information:

https://goo.gl/GFNYfG

  • The Norwegian Medicines Agency provides approvals for medical cannabis prescriptions.

Poland

Poland

  • July 20, 2017: The bill for legalization of medical marijuana was signed into law by President Andrzej Duda. It takes effect in October 2017.
  • Pharmacists will be able to dispense imported cannabis to patients with a prescription. Products that will be available include raw cannabis, tinctures, resin, and other extracts.

Link to law (in Polish):

https://goo.gl/4wMbhL

  • As of May 2018 there is no real import and usage of medical cannabis in Poland

Portugal

Portugal

  • 2000: Law 30/2000 was passed, which formally decriminalized the consumption and possession of small quantities of all illegal drugs insofar as they are for personal use.

Link Sativex regulation (in Portuguese):

https://goo.gl/WeYUuT

  • There are currently no specific medical cannabis laws on Portugal’s books, although the medical cannabis preparation Sativex has been legally available in the country since 2012.

Romania

Romania

  • October 2013: the Eastern European country of Romania legalized medical marijuana derivatives.
  • Manufacturers will also be able to apply to the National Agency for Medicines for approval to market drugs that contain marijuana byproducts, such as resins or plant fragments.

Link to law:

https://goo.gl/nva8uZ

Slovakia

Slovakia

  • 2011: The State Institute for Drug Control has enabled medical companies to register drugs that include THC molecules.
  • Sativex is available for patients.
  • Growing cannabis for medical purposes is still illegal.

Link to law (in Slovak):

https://goo.gl/LLGSv5

Slovenia

Slovenia

  • June 19 2014: The Slovenian government reclassified cannabinoids from Class I to Class II illegal drugs.

Link to law (in Slovenian):

https://goo.gl/xETsHC

  • Registered cannabinoid based medicines can be prescribed for patients for the treatment of those diseases for which these drugs are proven effective.

Link to National Institute of Public Health information (in Slovenian):

https://goo.gl/yzmU6R

Sweden

Sweden

  • February 2017: The Medical Products Agency(MPA) gave permission to the first two patients to use medical cannabis in the form of Bediol.
  • The MPA has previously approved Sativex. Marinol is also available but a license is required.

Link to MPA's information (in Swedish):

https://goo.gl/FxVWSK

  • A license application must be written by a medical doctor.

United Kingdom

United Kingdom

  • June 2006: The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) authorised Sativex.
  • Nabilone is available by prescription.

Links to Nabilone and Sativex information:

https://goo.gl/BvvaUM

https://goo.gl/ZY35PH

  • Medical cannabis as a plant is still illegal.

Spain

Spain

  • April 8, 1967: Law 17/1967 introduced the possibility of using narcotic drugs in theraupetic way.

  • The use of Sativex for Multiple Sclerosis and as a compassionate use for different types of pain is authorized. Also Epidiolex is allowed for compassionate use for certain types of infantile refractory epilepsies
  • July 24, 2015: Royal decree 1/2015 allowed for selling plants that are traditionally considered medicinal.

Links to law and decree:

https://goo.gl/EwCfQP

https://goo.gl/54Rryj

  • A pharmaceutical company was recently allowed to grow cannabis to produce cannabinoids for pharmaceutical export (https://goo.gl/24AGmY).
  • Laws make it possible to establish a medical cannabis program but there is no government initiative.

Asia

Cyprus

Cyprus

  • 2017: Medical cannabis bill was passed and laws for cultivation were created.
  • The Ministry of Heath is responsible for import and distribution.

Link to law(in Greek):

https://goo.gl/WoPazK

  • The government also wants to attract foreign investors to cultivate medical cannabis in the country.

Israel

Israel

  • 1992: First treatment of AIDS patients using Marinol.
  • In 2007, the Israeli Health Ministry launched a medical cannabis program.

Link to MCU:

https://goo.gl/BBwU7s

  • Currently the Medical Cannabis Unit (MCU) of the Ministry of Health is in charge of regulating the use of cannabis for medical and research purposes.

Philippines

Philippines

  • March 2017: Bill proposing the legalization of medical marijuana was passed.
  • The bill creates a regulatory framework for cultivation, dispensing, and use of medical cannabis.

Link to bill:

https://goo.gl/rbxyKR

Africa

Lesotho

Lesotho

  • September 2017: Lesotho's Ministry of Health has granted the South African medical company Verve Dynamics an official license for cultivation, processing and sale of cannabis for medical and scientific purposes in the country.

Link:

https://goo.gl/iJGi4r

South Africa

South Africa

  • March 2017: The MCC (Medicines Control Council) published draft guidelines for the production, use, and manufacturing of medicinal marijuana in South Africa.

Link to draft guidelines:

https://goo.gl/i24niK

  • However it is unknown when the guidelines will be drafted into law.

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

  • April 2018: Zimbabwe legalized marijuana for medical and scientific purposes.
  • Individuals and businesses will be able to apply for licences to cultivate cannabis for medicinal or scientific use.

Link:

https://goo.gl/zddMSb

South America

Argentina

Argentina

  • March 29, 2017: The Senate sanctioned the law allowing the medicinal use of cannabis.
  • A Natonial Program was created under the Minstry of Health.

Link to law (in Spanish):

https://goo.gl/8Uist4

  • The National Program provides free access to hemp oil and other cannabis derivatives to any person who joins the Program.

Brazil

Brazil

  • May 2015: The import of cannabidiol based products was allowed (hemp oil, RSHO).

Link to ANVISA site (in Portuguese):

https://goo.gl/5oEuWn

  • January 2017: The Brazillian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) approved Mevatyl (Sativex).

Chile

Chile

  • April 2015: The Health Commission of the Chamber of Deputies approved the decriminalization of home grown of marijuana for personal consumption and medicinal purposes.
  • Cultivation of up to 6 plants is authorized per home.

Link to law (in Spanish):

https://goo.gl/2xPi2d

Colombia

Colombia

  • 2016: The president sanctioned Law 1787, which creates a regulatory framework for medical cannabis.
  • September 9, 2017: Three resolutions related to Law 1787 were issued. They regulate they cultivation of medical cannabis.

Link to Law 1787 (in Spanish):

https://goo.gl/xMmiKH

Link to resolutions info:

https://goo.gl/shocsS

  • The Ministry of Health will be issuing other resolutions related to manufacture of cannabis derivatives soon.

Paraguay

Paraguay

  • May 26, 2017: The National Health Surveillance (DINAVISA) authorized the regulated use of cannabis oil.
  • Because the cultivation of cannabis is prohibited in Paraguay, the raw material to manufacture the medicine will be imported from the United States.

Link to DINAVISA’s information:

https://goo.gl/Qhign3

  • In 2016 Paraguay also authorized the importation of RSHO from the USA.

Uruguay

Uruguay

  • December 20, 2013: Law 19,172 was promulgated in Uruguay, which legalized Cannabis for all uses (recreational, industrial, medicinal and scientific).
  • February 4, 2015: The Ministry of Public Health (MSP) issued a regulatory decree for medical cannabis.

Link to IRCCA:

https://goo.gl/ik5vty

  • The Cannabis Regulation and Control Institute (IRCCA) provides oversight.

Peru

Peru

  • November 2017: Law 30681 legalises medical cannabis in form of oil and ointments for medicinal and therapeutic use.

Link to law:

https://goo.gl/esrF3m

  • The Ministry of Health will be responsible for registering users, importers and/or marketers, research entities, public entities and laboratories duly accredited and certified to the production.

North America

United States

  • Currently 29 states and Washington DC have legalised medical cannabis.
  • Regulations differ depending on state.

United States

More information:

https://goo.gl/s81yH

https://goo.gl/xdw4di

Canada

Canada

  • 2001: Health Canada implemented the Marijuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) to allow the access to marijuana for people suffering from grave and debilitating illnesses.
  • The Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) replaced MMAR in 2013.

Links to regulations:

https://goo.gl/cmHUS6

https://goo.gl/QK4E5g

  • August 2016: Health Canada announced the Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (or ACMPR) to replace the MMPR. The new program incorporates the MMPR with a new personal cultivation regime similar to the former Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR).

Mexico

Mexico

  • December 2016: Mexico's senate voted to legalise medical cannabis.

Link to law:

https://goo.gl/YryqSL

  • April 2017: Mexico's chamber of deputies approved the senate's notion, thereby legalizing medical cannabis.
  • The Health Ministry is now authorized to create regulations for medical marijuana use, including the production of related pharmaceuticals that contain cannabis. At this point, products with 1% THC or lower will be allowed.

Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico

  • May 2015: Governor Alejandro Garcia Padilla signed an executive order permitting the use of medical cannabis.
  • 2017: The regulations were changed to improve them and medical cannabis production was taxed.

Link to programme:

https://goo.gl/jX6m8m

  • Ministry of Health created a program to regulate medical cannabis matters.

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua

and

Barbuda

  • March 2018: The Misuse of Drugs Act was amended to allow possession of up to 15 grams and 4 plants of cannabis.
  • The Government of Antigua and Barbuda is planning to go to Parliament by the end of this year to pass laws allowing for the growing, harvesting, processing and selling of medical marijuana.

Link:

https://goo.gl/wFqF88

Australia

  • November 1, 2016: Medical cannabis became a controlled drug in the Poisons Standard.

Australia

  • Medical cannabis is controlled by the Office of Drug Control (ODC) and the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).

Department of Health on cannabis:

https://goo.gl/pmNtk6

  • Regulations may differ depending on territory.

New Zealand

  • June 2017, The Associate Minister of Health announced that CBD products, where the level of other naturally occurring cannabinoids is less than 2% of the cannabinoid content, will be easier to access.

New Zealand

  • Cannabis-based products are Class B1 controlled drugs and Ministerial approval is required before these can be prescribed, supplied or administered, in accordance with regulation 22 of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1977.
  • December 2017, compassionate use of medical cannabis is now legal for terminally ill patients.
  • Since 2008, the Ministry has approved 163 applications for Sativex®.
  • A public referendum on legalising cannabis for personal use will be held by the 2020 elections.

Link to ministry's information:

https://goo.gl/WhdwbT

Contact

ICEERS

Contact

Address: Carrer de Sepúlveda 65,

08015 Barcelona, Spain

email: jcbouso@iceers.org

tel:+34 931 882 099

Version en español

https://goo.gl/WheGRJ

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