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Emperors

Julius Caesar

This artifact is the last leader of the Republic anticipating the Emperors: Julius Caesar. The approximate time period is 100 B.C.E. His leadership demonstrates how important it was that he was elected consul and allied with Pompey and Crassus.

The legacy it left in history is in 58-50 B.C.E., he took over Gaul and used his new found military powers. He was later assassinated in 44 B.C.E. He is oft-times referred to as the last, greatest Roman of the Republic.

Augustus

This artifact is of the emperor Augustus, formally known as Octavian. He was the known by the people of Rome as the Great Nephew of Julius Caesar. The approximate time period is after the murder of Julius Caesar, he took rule of Rome.

The purpose this artifact serves is the strong alliance he made with Marc Antony. He then killed all enemies in Rome. After his death in 14 AD, the senate declared him a god. He ended the civil war after 100 years and brought 40 years of peace.

Tiberius

This artifact is of the emperor Tiberius. The approximate time period is when Augustus died in 14 A.D. Although he was not a preferred heir, he became emperor after Augustus' death. The purpose of this artifact is to show that even the unlikely can be great rulers.

The legacy of Tiberius is that he tried to mimic Augustus, but did not have the same skills. If there had been an alternative, Tiberius would have been overlooked. He died on March 16, 37 A.D.

Nero

This artifact is of the emperor Nero. The approximate time period is when he became emperor from 54 A.D. to 68 A.D. The purpose of this artifact is to show the difference in how the emperors rule.

The legacy Nero left was that he focused much of his attention on diplomacy, trade, and increasing the cultural capital of the empire. Nero's rule, many think, is associated with extravagance and tyranny.

Writers

Virgil

This artifact of of the Ancient Roman writer Virgil. His was lived his life from 70 - 19 B.C.E. His work reflects the end of the civil war and the start of Augustus' rule. The purpose of this artifact is to show the contemporary writing styles throughout Ancient Rome.

The legacy the Virgil left behind one to remember because he wanted all of his works to be burned when he died. Good thing that Augustus did not follow through with his dying wish and kept them all. He said that they were so important to the Roman people.

The Historians

This artifact is of the Historians of Ancient Rome. There were two importatn Historians: Tacitus and Suetonius. Suetonius grew up in the equestrian class. The purpose of this artifact is to show how certian writers looked at life with a "critical-eye."

The legacy that these Historians left behind is their judgements helped shape Roman history forever. They are responsible for most of our understanding of the first century Roman Empire. Without them, we would not know what we know today.

Pliny the Elder

This artifact is of the Ancient Roman writer Pliny the Elder. He lived his life from 23 A.D. - 79 A.D. He was a very wealthy man and served in the army. The purpose of this artifact is no matter what your occupation, you will serve in the army.

The legacy that Pliny the Elder left behind is that he wrote about grammar, history of Rome, and milatary history. He also wrote "Historia Naturalis." He was said the shape the scientific and medical theories until the Middle Ages.

Ovid

This artifact is of the Ancient Roman writer Ovid. He lived his life from 43 B.C.E - 17 A.D. He was one of the favorite writers among the wealthy Romans, but was not particularly liked by Augustus. Just as he was finishing his best work, he was exiled to the darkest corner of Rome, never to return again. The purpose of this artifact is to show that even the best writers can be disliked.

The legacy that Ovid left behind him is not a very good one, in terms of pride, but in terms of pure literary skill, is very excellent. His work "Metamorphoses" is still considered to this day to be one of the most influential poems in Eurepean literary history.

Enemies and Rebels

Cleopatra and Egypt

This artifact is of Cleopatra and Egypt. The approximate time period for this artifact is 48 B.C.E., around the time when Cleopatra met Julius Caesar. The purpose of this artifact is to show the corruption in the Roman state. Then in 46 B.C.E, Julius returned to Rome with Cleopatra.

The legacy of this artifact is sometimes love can really get in the way of certain things, and ruin peoples lives. Julius Caesar died in 44 B.C.E. and Cleopatra left.

Josephus and Judea

This artifact is of Josephus and Judea. There was a revolt in Judea the Romans in 66 - 70 A.D. The purpose of this artifact is to show that there were many rebellions againg the Roman Empire.

Josephus leads his countrymen to fight against the Romans. Josephus and his men are trapped inside Jotapata and the Romans surround it. Approximately 40, 000 Jews die. The legacy that Josephus left behind is somewhat of a bland one. He was not harmed by the Emperor at the time.

Boudica and Britian

This artifact is of Boudica and Britain. Rome was trying to take control of Britain, but it was just too far away. So Rome used the "divide and rule" tactic. The purpose of this artifact is to show the progression in the military of Rome.

The legacy that Boudica left behind was a very good one with her well devised military tactics and ruthless combat. They killed around 70, 000 Romans and pro-Roman Britains. Then after a failed attack, Boudica poisoned herself. She would rather commit suicide than be captured and put into slavery.

Hannibal

This artifact is of the great Carthaginian commander Hannibal Barca. He lived his life from 247 - 183 B.C.E. He was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most taledned commanders in history. The purpose of this artifact is to show how the Roman Empire struggled to maintain it's dominance.

The legacy that Hannibal Barca left behind was a very courageous one because he lead an army at during the Second Punic War, which included war elephants, over the Alps into northern Italy. He committed suicide in 183 B.C.E. by drinking poison.

Social Order

Plebians

This artifact is of the Plebians of Ancient Rome. They were a class of citizens that did not belong to the equestrians, patricians, or senatorial class. They were basically the working class citizens in Rome at the time. The purpose of this artifact is to show that there were common people even during Ancient Roman times.

The legacy of the Plebians is that they started early forms of welfare and Plebians could ask Roman Administrators for help. The lives of most Plebians, however, were a daily struggle. Day to day life was hard, so many families did what they had to do difficult things in order to survive.

Senators

This articaft is of the Senators of Ancient Rome. They held much less power than their predessesors. They basically started out as an advisory counsil in Rome. The purpose of this artifact is that the Senators had special privliges over the other classes, therefore, got special treatments.

The legacy that the Senators left behind is that they alone could hold the highest official offices and judgeships in criminal and civil courts. They also had the honor of wearing the "latus clavus" which is a purple striped toga. Although, Senators were not allowed to becom directly involved in business.

Patricians

This artifact is of the Patricians of Ancient Rome. They were at the top of the Roman society. They all enjoyed vast amounts of fabulous wealth, power, and privilege. The purpose of this artifact is to show the difference in societal order in Ancient Rome.

The legacy that the Patricians left behind is they always had their on their rivals. This often lead to betrayal, backstabbing, and sometimes even murder. The word Patrician means "fathers" in Latin.

Soldiers

This artifact is of the Soldiers of Ancient Rome. The Roman Empire was said to be created and controlled by the soldiers who protected it. The purpose this artifact served is to show how effective a well put together army can be, when ruled by the right leader.

The legacy of the soldiers of Ancient Rome is their ruthlessness on the battlefield. They gave no mercy to their enemies and fought until the death. During the first century A.D., a soldier in the Roman army served a term on up to 20 years.

Religion

Mythology

This artifact is of Mythology durting Ancient Roman times. Every Roman household worshipped spirits. Romans believed that the spirits protected their belongings as well. The purpose of this artifact is to show how much the spirits were involved in the Romans everyday life.

The legacy that Mythology left behind is the Festival of the Crossroads. This festival was held every year in which each family would hand weave dolls that represent their family members. Then they would hope that the spirits would take them to strengthen them.

Roman Gods

This artifact is of the Roman Gods during Ancient Rome. Many of the gods were believed to have taken part in the founding of Rome. Venus was believed to be the mother of Aeneas, who was supposedly the founder of Rome. The purpose of this artifact is to show the gods and what they were the god of.

The three most important gods in Rome were Jupiter, protector of the state, Juno, protector of women, and Minerva, goddess of craft and wisdom. Other major gods were Mars, god of war, Mercury, god of trade and messenger of the gods, and Bacchus, god of grapes and wine production.

Jesus

This artifact is of Jesus. He was born in Nazareth, joined a Judea group, and was baptized at the age of 30. This purpose of this artifact is to show how the religion of Christianity started.

He traveled around telling people about a new kingdom more powerful than Rome. His message was popular, but his title as son of God offended many people. He was then arrested for treason, crucified, and started Christianity. The legacy Jesus left behind is huge because he started a new religion that has millions of followers today.

Philo

This artifact is of Jewish leader and scholar Philo. He lived his life from 20 B.C.E. - 40 A.D. He pleaded for more tolerance for the Jews in the Roman Empire from Augustus. The purpose of this artifact is to show that there was discrimination all throughout history.

The legacy Philo left behind is a very well regarded one because he was able to bring together the Jewish people. Augustus was a good leader and supported Philo. He welcomed other religions, but when he died, Caligula took over and mocked the Jews. He had a statue of himself made and put it in the center of a Jewish temple, which was a major sin. Good for the Jews, Caligula was murdered, and Claudius took over.

Life in Roman Times

Family Life

This artifact is of the Family Life during Ancient Rome. The father of a family could disown his children if they disobeyed him. The purpose of this artifact is to show how dominant the father role was in Roman familes.

The legacy the Roman Family Life left behind is a bad one because babies were placed on the ground after birth and were only accepted into the family if the father picked them up. Otherwise they were picked up by a random and be put into slavery. Unfortunately, most of the babies died.

Baths

This artifact is of the Baths of Ancient Rome. People would take baths everyday. This was a great time for everyone to mingle and relax with the other citizens of Rome. The purpose of this artifact is to show how the people of Rome are becoming more and more hygenic.

The legacy this artifact left behind was how many different rooms the people had to visit while they took their baths. There were five rooms: the Dressing Room, the Gym, the Cold Room, the Warm Room, and the Steam Room. Most people looked forward to taking their baths and enjoyed them quite a bit.

Gladiators

This artifact is of the Gladiators who would fight in the Colliseum for the entertainment of the masses. Many people enjoyed watching them fight to the death in the middle of a ring. The purpose of this artifact is to show how the forms of entertainment has changed overtime.

The legacy that Gladiators left behind is a barbaric and bloody one. The Gladiators in Ancient Rome can be compared to the celebrities of the modern day. Life was tough as a Gladiator though, many of the died, and few retied.

Chariot Races

This artifact is of the Chariot Races that were held as entertainment for many people. The purpose of this artifact is to show, just like the Gladiators, how the entertainment has changed since the Roman times. Chariot Races were very popular during this time.

The legacy of the Chariot Races was a very dangerous, yet profitable one. It was extremely hazardous for someone to participate in a Chariot Race, but if someone was to be victorious, that person was to become very wealthy, due to the races popularity.

Rome

By: G. Mick Smith, PhD

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