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Politics and Politicians.

Aspects of Women's Political Subjectivity

Authors: Ľubica Kobová, Zuzana Maďarová, Alexandra Ostertágová

Editor: Jana Cviková

Editors of the series Aspekty: Jana Cviková, Jana Juráňová

Reviewers: PhDr. Andrej Findor, PhD. (Ústav európskych štúdií a medzinárodných vzťahov, Fakulta sociálnych a ekonomických

vied Univerzity Komenského, Bratislava)

Viera Lorencová, PhD. (Fitchburg State University, Massachusetts, USA)

Contextualization of the publication:

  • general elections
  • the first woman premier in the Slovak Republic Iveta Radičová
  • local election with some specificities (topics, social media)
  • long-term public gender discourses (violence against women, rights of sexual minorities, women’s reproductive rights, public participation of women)
  • everlasting question: Why is the number of women in politics so low?

Zuzana Maďarová: Women of November. The analysis of interviews with female protagonists of the Velvet Revolution

16 interviews, 5 towns, interviewees differed in terms of their age, education, occupation, social status, geographic location in Slovakia and their position in the revolutionary movement (the student, environmental, workplace-based, Hungarian minority movement, the punk community)

How did women construct the Revolution

inconsistency

magical moment

indifference

How did women construct themselves and their own activities

Subjects and forms of infrapolitics

(James C. Scott)

public - private - personal - political

in the Revolution

  • language and discourse
  • searching new ways of thematization of women's experiences
  • redifining historiography (Joan Wallach Scott)

Ľubica Kobová: Limits of Biopolitics. Two examples of politicizing sexual and reproductive rights of women

Biopolitics (Lemke, Foucault) and gouvernmentality in the context of Slovakia

National Program on the Protection of Sexual and Reproductive Health - an example of gouvernmental politics

  • welfare of a fetus
  • welfare of a woman
  • welfare of a family
  • welfare of a nation

Democratic participation or deliberation?

The Pro-Choice Initiative

  • public discoursive space
  • the first public mass reaction regarding women's human rights in Slovakia
  • doing politics outside the biopolitical frame

Feminist politics

  • possible and necessary within the limits of the state biopolitics
  • needed outside of the biolopolitical frame as well - critical approach, articulation of claims of women as political subject

Zuzana Maďarová: The Construction of Local Politics as Home.

The analysis of the election campaign of the candidate for the mayor of the capital city of Slovakia

Who is Magdaléna Vášáryová

  • the first woman presidential candidate (1999)
  • former ambassador in Austria and Poland
  • Member of the Parliament
  • candidate of the center-right parties for the mayor of Bratislava

Content analysis of the manifestos of two biggest rivals: no big differences

Visual analysis of the billboards

Gender: Descent city with men heroes and women in need or women - carers

Race: clean and white

Age: Elder women = confused, sick, in need.

No elder men (heroes)

Local politician as housewife and local politics as home

Depolitization

=

Moralization

Individualization

Alexandra Ostertágová: Successful but Still “Weak”?

The picture of the Slovak premier in the media during important successes of her political career

Premier Iveta Radičová was constructed as a "weak" politician in the media - how was it in times of her political success?

  • Important moments of Iveta Radičová's political career: parliamentary election and presidential election

Presidential and general election: Comparison of Iveta Radičová to the rivals Ivan Gašparovič and Robert Fico

  • no substential differences in media representation in terms of quantity
  • almost no quantitative differences in media representation of political and personal topics
  • quantity of media representation depends on the political position

Presidential election: construction of Iveta Radičová as an inactive politician; she was not constructed through her political agenda, her competency was invisibilized as well as her previous political experiences

Representation of Radičová through other politicians' agendas and activities

Change in the general election: until her premiership had been confirmed, the dailies kept excluding her from the political space; when her political post was confirmed, the media started to construct her as an active politician, but her activities were thematized through the discourse of “female” politics.

Four analyses outlines various forms of women’s political activities and various circumstances of the construction of political subjectivity of women.

Publication looks at “bottom-up” changes – be it in the Velvet Revolution or in the creation of reproductive health policies – and also touches upon the institutionalized politics.

It points to the interrelatedness of these two spheres in less visible areas. The protagonists of the Velvet Revolution were also those women who laid the foundations of civil society, as well as those who contributed to the formation of reproductive health policy or development of the gender discourse in Slovakia. And these were also those women who are or were active in institutional politics, e.g. both Iveta Radičová and Magdaléna Vášáryová stood at the formation of Verejnosť proti násiliu (Public against Violence) movement in 1989.

Quantitative analysis

Qualitative analysis

Discourse analysis of the videos

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