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Japanese Modernization During the Meiji Era

The Emperor and the Oligarchs

Reasons for Tokugawa Period’s End

Educational Reforms

Economic Reforms

  • Emperor was restored to power
  • His advisors held government influence

What was the Meiji Restoration?

Cultural Reforms

  • Debt
  • Foreign Pressure
  • Internal support for the emperor
  • National education system
  • Introduced state universities
  • Demand for foreign knowledge
  • Students sent to Western countries to study modern subjects

The Emperor

  • Duty to the emperor
  • Shinto-ism became the national religion
  • Adopted Western ideas
  • fukoku kyôhei (rich country, strong military)
  • Obedience to the state and the emperor

Some Members of the Advising Party

  • Industrialization and Modernization
  • 1868-1912
  • Reform programs
  • Positively affected Japan during the early 20th century
  • Before the Meiji period, economy was based on agriculture
  • Built railways, communication systems, shipyards, mines, and factories
  • These were eventually privatized
  • Established zaibatsu (huge industrial and financial conglomerates)

The Need for Reform

Ito Hirobumi

Okubo Toshimichi

Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito)

  • Weak militarily
  • Little technological development.
  • Emulate Western countries

Matsukata Masayoshi

Ministry of Education of Japan in 1890

Exported goods helped to stimulate the the economy

Imperialism and Military Strengthening

The Tokugawa Era’s effect on the Meiji Period

Political Reforms

Conclusion: Effects of the Meiji Restoration

Military Reforms

Japanese Soldiers During Second Sino-Japanese War

  • Imperialism
  • Boxer Rebellion
  • First Sino-Japanese War
  • Russo-Japanese war.
  • A constitution was established
  • A constitutional monarchy
  • A parliament (the National Diet)
  • Based off of Western models
  • Almost unlimited power for the Emperor
  • Helped with Japan’s industrial growth
  • Daimyô travel spurred urban development
  • Transition from subsistence farming to commercial crops
  • Town industries developed
  • Centralized government
  • Became industrialized
  • Capitalist, technology-based economy
  • Educated population
  • Powerful military
  • National army
  • Conscription was undertaken
  • Modern weaponry
  • Modern naval ships

Other Political Reforms

  • First Sino-Japanese War - control of Korea.
  • Japan acquired Taiwan and the Liaodong peninsula
  • Helped defeat the Boxer Rebellion in China
  • Russo-Japanese War - territorial disputes in Korea and southern Manchuria
  • Japan established itself as a colonial power in East Asia
  • New criminal and civil code
  • Revisal of unequal treaties

The First Sino-Japanese War

Bibliography

“Excerpts from the Meiji Constitution of 1889.” Asia for Educators. Columbia University. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

"Meiji Restoration." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2013): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.

“The Meiji Restoration and Modernization.” Asia for Educators. Columbia University. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

al-Khaizaran, Huda Yoshida. "The Emergence Of Private Universities And New Social Formations In Meiji Japan, 1868-1912." History Of Education 40.2 (2011): 157-178. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.

Gordon, Bill. “Tokugawa Period's Influence on Meiji Restoration.” Bill Gordon. Wesleyan University, 2000. Web 26 Feb. 2014.

Gordon, Bill. “Explanations of Japan’s Imperialistic Expansion, 1894-1910.” Bill Gordon. Wesleyan University, 2003. Web 26 Feb. 2014.

Okuma, Count. “The Industrial Revolution in Japan.” The North American Review Vol. 171. (1900): 677-691. JSTOR. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

Image Sources:

http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/throwing_off_asia_02/

http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/meiji.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshimichi_Okubo_4.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Restoration

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ministry_of_Education_of_Japan.jpg

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