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*Turbulent Centuries In Africa*

*Portugal gains footholds*

*Trade*

The Atlantic slave trade

(Triangular trade)

*New African states arise*

- They expelled the Arabs who controlled the east African trade networks and took over this thriving commerce for themselves. Each conquest added to their growing trade empire.

- Each conquest added to their growing trade empire.

The portuguese explored Africa's coasts in the 1400s they were looking for a sea route to Asia that bypassed the Mediterranean .They wanted to buy goods directly from their source, rather than trading through Arab middlemen . The portuguese began carrying out their strategy in west Africa , building small forts to collect food and water and to repair their ships . They established trading posts to trade muskets, tools , and cloth for gold , ivory , hides and slaves .

* 1st leg - Merchants brought goods to aica to be traded for slaves .

* 2nd (Middle passage) - slaves were transported to the west Indies and exchanges for sugar, and other products .

* 3rd leg - Merchants took the goods back to Europe or the Americas.

- The slave trade had many effects on African states in the 1600's and 1700's

- The Asante kingdom emerged in the area occupied by present day Ghana. In the late 1600's, an able military leader, Osei Tutu, won control of the trading city of Kumasi.

- Monoply is the exclusive control of a business or industry.

*Portugal gains footholds*

* Summery *

*African slave trade explodes*

* The European presence expands*

- By the 1600's several European powers had established forts along the western coasts of Africa. British,Dutch, and French traders took over their forts .

-Egyptians,Greeks,Romans,Persians, Indians,and Aztecs often enslaved defeated foes .

- Large numbers of slaves were taken from Southern Russia to work as unpaid laborers in Roman times.

- slaves worked in plantations which were run by an owner.

- Afonso I - was the ruler of Kongo in western central Africa .

From west Africa, the portuguese sailed around the content . they continued to establish forts and trading posts, but they also attacked existing east african coastal cities such as Mombasa and Malindi, which were hubs of international trade.

- The Portuguese did not leave a strong legacy in Africa. The Oyo empire arose from successive waves of settlement by the Yoruba people of present day Nigeria.

By : Dalia Hameed

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