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*Apply to social, economic, and political

problems

Social Contract (first) - people give power up to monarch in return for protection and order

Best government- limited power

If government fails, people can overthrow it

The Social Contract (2nd) - Only people,not the sovereign king have the sole right to rule.

Philosophies

Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan

Locke’s ideas influenced American Revolution

John Locke

Wanted strong government to control the people (similar to Monarchy)

"Two Treatises on Government"

People were naturally cruel, greedy,and selfish

The Enlightenment

Theory: If left on their own,fighting and oppression would follow

Use reason to understand truth

Natural Rights - Born with right to life, liberty, and property

"Age of Reason"

Optimism and possibility (can solve human problems)

Governments job to protect these rights

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Equality for all

People naturally good, but society corrupted

See how that differs from Hobbes?

Philosophies

Government ideas

Separation of Powers

Checks and Balances

Baron De Montesquieu

Government should have three branches

Legislative

Executive

Judicial

Greater human reason

Effects

Universe as well ordered

Chapter 17 Section 1

Galileo telescope

Newton gravity

Boyle Chemistry

Kepler ellipse

Scientific Revolution

Causes

Development of Scientific Method

Rules discoverable by reason

Exploration and trade

Natural Law

Gravity

World History

Fought for Freedom of Speech

Controversial

Offended French govt. and Catholic Church

Francois-Marie Arouet

*Free trade and opposed tariffs

Voltaire

LAISSEZ FAIRE (hands off approach)

Private individuals control economic activity, govt. does not

28 volume set of books

Encyclopedia

Capitalism Emerges

Societal Issues

Diderot

Philosophers

New Economic thinkers rejected Mercantilism

Nations strength depended on its wealth

Mercantilism!

Spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe and North America

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