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In 1788 Britain established its new Penal Colony at Botany Bay. Sydney based traders saw a chance to exploit the Fur Seal and the first Gang arrived in Dusky Sound in 1792.
Some Maori saw little value in the Pakeha and some gangs were killed and eaten. (James Caddell) Sealers had little impact on Maori apart from those in the far south, notably Southland and the Foveaux Strait region.
Johnny Jones was one who did settle and prospered.Intermediaries like Jones traded with local Ngai Tahu including muskets.
By 1812 the Fur Seal population was no longer viable and the industry disappeared.
In 1799 the first whaling ships arrived. Whale blubber supplied Black Oil which lubricated the Industrial Revolution and lit the streets of their cities.
In 1806 the Whalers began to call into the Bay of Islands and in particular the small village of Kororareka. Local Maori Ngapuhi quickly realized the value of this opportunity.
Ships Captains needed food water and repairs.Their crews wanted rest & recreation. This involved alcohol & sex
Local Ngapuhi quickly learnt to trade for the things the pakeha wanted. Soon the trade centred on the trade for Muskets.
Ngapuhi chief Hongi Hika saw an opportunity to seek revenge against various tribes who had offended him
In 1818 Hika and Pomare led a large Taua on an 18 month campaign against southern tribes
Hika returned with thousands of prisoners and hundreds of head. he claimed to have destroyed 500 Pa or Kainga.
Other tribes began to compete to acquire Muskets. At first for protection later to allow them conquest or utu of their own
The Church Missionary Society (CMS) was the Evangelical wing of the Anglican Church and was charged with conversion of native peoples throughout the Empire.
In Port Jackson it was led by Samuel Marsden.
In 1806 Marsden met Ruatara a Ngapuhi chief. Frustrated at his lack of success with Aboriginals Marsden saw Maori as more suitable candidates for conversion
Marsden sent Kendall Hall & King who proved to be poor choices. Internal bickering and a lack of trade goods meant there was little value in Missionaries.
However having a Missionary did attract other Pakeha who provided the goods and Mana that Ngapuhi desired.
Hika saw no value in Christianity, allowing slaves to attend schools.
Maori like Hongi saw little appeal in Christianity. Their own values and beliefs remained strong into the 1820's
In 1823 Henry Williams arrived to replace Kendall. He changed the focus from civilise to simply conversion. In 1826 his brother William arrived.
Missionaries could sometimes cure disease or at least offer comfort supported
by prayer.
In 1829 Hika died. Maori who felt that the foreign Atua offered more began to suddenly convert.