Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

LIVER DISEASE CONCEPT MAP

RISK FACTOR

  • Alcohol
  • Drug
  • Female

  • Age
  • Autoimmune hepatitis
  • Hemochtomatosis
  • Carrier of hepatitis B liver disease

Pathogenesis

Fulminant hepatic failure is a clinical syndrome resulting in severe impairment or necrosis of liver cells and potential liver failure. It is due to host immune factors resuliting in the formation of reactive intermediary products of metabolism. These bind to intracellular proteins and interfere with cellular metabolism.

Wide variety of agents, including ammonia, free fatty acids, mercaptans, phenols, bile acids and aromatic amino acids combine to produce hepatic encephalopathy

Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that is seen by the destruction of hepatic cells. The cells that are been destroyed are replaced by a fibrotic cells and this process is known as fibrotic regeneration. Chronic alcohol abuse is one of the risk factor leading to the development of cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis due to chronic alcohol consumption usually develops after more than 10 years of continuous heavy consumption. However, the amount of alcohol consumption that can lead to cirrhosis varies from individual to individual. But majority of females are susceptible to cirrhosis even though, their alcohol intake might be lower than their male counterpart.

Fulminant hepatic failure

Cirrhosis of the liver

Cirrhosis of the liver

Diagnostic imaging/labs

Symptoms

Causes

Progression of illness

  • UTI
  • Respiratory distress syndrome
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Mood change
  • Red spider (varicose vein)
  • Chemical such as alcohol, fat and certain medication
  • toxic metals
  • Liver biopsy
  • CBC test
  • Hyaline infiltrate the liver

Complications

  • Liver tissue degenerate
  • Genetic disease such as wilson disease
  • Autoimmune liver disease
  • Viral disease
  • Bleeding varices
  • Coagulopathy
  • Fibrous tissue is deposited
  • Physical exam
  • Urine sample
  • CT scan
  • Ultrasound
  • Water retention
  • Abdominal pain
  • Ascites
  • Fever
  • Ithcy skin
  • weight loss
  • Jaundice
  • Heart failure
  • Heat stroke
  • Blood vessel disease
  • Hyponatremia

Treatment

Nursing goal

  • Consume a balanced diet and one multivitamin a day
  • Use antiviral drugs such as Acyclovir to eliminate hepatitis B and hepatitis C
  • Suppress immune system with drugs such as prednisone
  • Plasmapheresis
  • Liver transplant
  • Clot buster

Patient will ...

  • perform ADL without excessive fatigue or exhaustion

  • Remain oriented to their environment

  • Show no signs of circulatory overload

  • maintain fluid voulme that within normal parametes.

Patient education

  • Avoid drugs that cause damage to the liver such as motrin and alcohol

•Warn the patient against taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, straining to defecate, and blowing his nose or sneezing too vigorously. To minimize the risk of bleeding.

•Advise the patient that rest and good nutrition conserve energy and decrease metabolic demands on the liver.

•Suggest the patient to eat frequent, small meals. Teach him to alternate periods of rest and activity to reduce oxygen demand and prevent fatigue.

•Stress the need to avoid infections and abstain from alcohol. Refer the patient to alcohol abuse treatment Anonymous, if appropriate

•Encourage the patient to seek frequent medical follow-up and Refer the patient to a liver transplant support group.

Key note

Nursing interventions

  • Writing in red indicate features that are common to both diseases.

•Monitor vital signs, intake and output, and electrolyte levels to determine fluid volume status.

•Assess fluid retention

•Weigh the patient daily and document his weight.

•Restrict sodium and fluid intake as ordered.

•Assist and provide oral hygiene before and after meals.

•Determine food preferences and provide them within the patient's prescribed diet limitations.

•Provide frequent, small meals.

•Observe and document the degree of sclera and skin jaundice.

•Give the patient frequent skin care.

•Observe for bleeding gums, ecchymosed, epitasis, and petechiae.

•Inspect stools for amount, color, and consistency.

•Increase the patient's exercise tolerance by decreasing fluid volumes and providing rest periods before exercise.

•Use appropriate safety measures to protect the patient from injury.

•Watch for signs of anxiety , epigastric fullness, restlessness, and weakness.

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi