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Energy
The system in this situation
is compromised of Edith and
the Earth.
The bar graph and energy flow chart illustrates the transfer of energy from Edgar to Edith, and from Edith's initial to final states.
Edith's initial energy is all stored in potential gravitational energy, because she is (conveniently) standing at the top of a cliff.
Her final energy is stored in kinetic energy, because
she is moving, and potential gravitational energy,
because she is still at a height.
Edith's potential gravitational energy decreases because she loses height when she falls off of the cliff, and she gains kinetic energy because she her velocity is greater than zero when she is falling. The amount of final energy is greater than the amount of initial energy because Edgar transferred energy to Edith when he did work by pushing her. PEga+W=PEgb+KEb.
PEga=mgh (J)
m=mass (kg)
g=acceleration due to gravity on Earth (m/s^2)
h=height (of cliff) (m)
W=FX (J)
F=Force (N)
X=distance (m)
PEgb=mgh (height above water) (J)
m=mass (kg)
g=acceleration due to gravity on Earth (m/s^2)
h=height (above water) (m)
KEb=1/2 mv^2 (J)
m=mass (kg)
v=velocity (m/s)
Defining Variables: