Copy of Kingdom Plantae
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STEM - Part of a plant that grows above the ground.
- It conducts water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.
- It transports food (made in the leaves), from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
- It supports leaves, flowers, fruits… It holds the plant up.
LEAF/ LEAVES - Part of a plant that is usually green and thin.
- Leaves do photosynthesis: they trap energy from sun and carbon dioxide from the air to "make" their food.
- They release oxygen into the air.
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How Plants Create their own Food/The Process of Photosynthesis
Plants create their own food by using a process called photosynthesis.
The process of photosynthesis is:
When light from the sun hits a leaf of a plant, carbon dioxide also enters the plant. The roots of the plant then absorbs water from the soil. When the progress is done, the plant also produces oxygen.
Parts of a plant
A diagram showing the process of photosynthesis
Types of roots
ROOT - Part of a plant that grows under the ground.
- It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
- It hold the plant in the ground.
Taproot: there is a primary root with secondary or lateral roots.
Fibrous root: there is not primary root. All the roots have the same size.
Types of stems
Some plants have flowers to reproduce.
FLOWER - It is he reproductive part of a flowering plant. It can be unisexual (male or female) or hermaphrodite.
- When it is fertilised by pollen grains, the flower produces seeds. The seeds will grow into a new plant.
Carnivorous Plants
Plants Classification
Angiosperms
With typical flowers
With seeds and flowers
The inside of a Pitcher Plant
The outside of a Pitcher Plant
With flowers called cones
Gymnosperms
Carnivorous plants do photosynthesis and also have different ways to get some nutrients.
- Some carnivorous plants contain a sweet nectar that attracts insects inside the plant.
- The Venus flytrap- has sensitive hairs that are stimulated by contact (for example, by insects).
- Other carnivorous plants have hairs that stick insects so they can't move.
Ferns
PLANTS
With true roots, stems and leaves
Horsetails
Sundew plants
Mosses
Without
seeds nor flowers
With false roots, stems and leaves
Liverworts
Plants
Kingdom
Plants nutrition
A diagram showing the stages of growth and change- a bean plant
Plant Responses
A Venus Flytrap closing
Sunflower moving towards the sun
Plants are autotrophic and photosynthetic : they make their own food from simple substances using the sun energy. This process is called photosynthesis.
Plants growing towards the light/sun (phototropism).
Plants live attached to the soil and they cannot move.
They can respond in many different ways. They respond to stimulus, such us touch, sunlight, water... These are just a few examples:
- Venus Flytraps close when they are touched by insects.
- Sunflowers turn to the sun's direction.
- Plants can grow in the direction of "something" like light, water, gravity... This response is known as . phototropism
Plants produce:
- Oxygen.
- Their own food
(glucose, sugar).
This shows a plant growing towards a light source (sun) over time
Plants need:
- Carbon dioxide.
- Water.
- Sun energy.
This video shows how a bean plant grew towards the light (a picture was taken every 5 minutes)
How Plants Reproduce
Through seeds
Sexual
Sexual reproduction: it requires a male organism and a female organism. In plants, seeds are ovules fertilized by pollen.
Through spores
Plants reproduction
The Cell Structure of Plants
Asexual reproduction - From spores
Asexual
Through fragments
Spores on the back of fern leaves
Only one organism is needed. The result is an identical copy.
- They are eukaryotic.
- They are multicellular.
- They have plant cells.
Asexual reproduction - From fragments
Sexual reproduction
Plant cells are different than animal cells:
- Plant cells have a cell wall that protects the cell.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a substance that gives plants their green colour.
- Plants cells are polygonal (with flat faces).
- The nucleus is not in the middle.
- They have a big vacuole to store substances.
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
The differences of an Animal cell and a Plant cell.
How Plants get Air
- plants get air by sucking carbon dioxide
- plant get energy from carbon dioxide
- plants absorb air through leaves
How Plants get Water
The Diversity of Plants
- plants use their roots to absorb water in the soil
- plants get their water from photosynthesis
- some plants get their water from the soil (surroundings)- moss get their water from soil
Plants are diverse in:
- how they eat
- size
Most plants create their own food using a process called photosynthesis, but other plants that are carnivorous like the Venus Flytrap have their own ways of catching insects.
Plants are many different sizes and colours. Plants like the Giant Sequoia tree are usually 60- 85m tall and 6- 8m wide. Others, like moss are usuall 1- 10 cm tall.
A comparison of size
moss (left) and Giant Sequoia tree (right)
The Adaptations of Plants
Plants live in harsh conditions. That's why they have adaptations to help them survive.
- desert plants like cactus- have long roots to go deep into the soil to help absorb as much water as possible
- tropical rainforest plants like many bromeliads and anthurium- have a waxy covering (called cuticle) to stop from overhydrating
- tropical rainforest plants have leaves with a "drip-tip" to let extra water from rainfall drip off
(far right) cactus with long roots
(middle) rainforest plant leaves with drip tips
(bottom left) rainforest bromeliad covered in cuticle
(top left) rainforest anthurium covered in cuticle
Introduction to Plants Kingdom
The Plants Kingdom is one of the largest kingdom: there are more than 370.000 different species.
Healing Plants
Plants are very often used as medicine.
These are a few examples of healing plants:
- ginger
- fennel
- chamomile
- mint
- Plants like these can heal bites, scrapes, burns, cuts etc.
Did You Know That...
- bamboo plants can grow up to 90cm in one day
- the world's largest bromeliads (located in Bolivia and Peru) can hold almost 7.5 L of water
- the largest Giant Sequoia trees are about 94.8m in height and 17m wide
- most plants are flowering plants (235,000 species)
- seaweed is actually part of the kingdom Protista and mushrooms are fungi, not plants